Prevalence of undiagnosed, preventable visual impairment in children with intellectual disability in special needs schools in Western Saudi Arab

Autor:	Nizar Alhibshi, Lina H. Raffa, Kareem Allinjawi, Ali Saad AlQarni, Firas Mohamed Madani, Abdulrahman Khalid Fagih, Abdulrahman Zaid Al-Shamrani
Rok vydání:	2021
Předmět:	Microbiology (medical) Pediatrics medicine.medical_specialty Visual acuity genetic structures prevalence Immunology Visual impairment visual impairment Astigmatism refractive errors Intellectual disability saudi arabia Immunology and Allergy Medicine special needs Strabismus Anisometropia business.industry medicine.disease eye diseases intellectual disability Abnormality medicine.symptom business Orthoptic
Zdroj:	Saudi Journal for Health Sciences, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 43-48 (2021)
ISSN:	2278-0521
DOI:	10.4103/sjhs.sjhs_236_20
Popis:	Background: Visual disorders have been reported to be higher among children with intellectual disability (ID) than among their peers without special needs; however, prevalence data on visual problems in children in Saudi Arabia are scarce. Aims: The aim of this study is to report the prevalence and causes of undiagnosed, correctable visual impairment in children with ID. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study of students enrolled in special educational needs schools in the western region of Saudi Arabia in April 2018. Teller visual acuity (VA) assessment and refractive errors were noted. Participants with mild to profound ID underwent detailed ophthalmologic examinations, including cycloplegic refraction, full orthoptic workup, biomicroscopy, and funduscopy. Results: A total of 61 students participated in this study. Ocular findings in decreasing prevalence were as follows: Subnormal VA (n = 41, 67.2%), refractive errors (n = 31, 51.7%), fundus anomalies (n = 13, 22%), significant strabismus (n = 9, 14.8%), abnormal head posture (n = 8, 13.3%), nystagmus (n = 3, 4.9%), anterior segment abnormality (n = 3, 4.9%), and extraocular motility abnormality (n = 2, 3.3%). Astigmatism was found in 22 cases (36.7%), followed by hyperopia (n = 13, 21.7%), myopia (n = 10, 16.7%), and anisometropia (n = 5, 8.3%). Students with syndromic ID had significantly more moderate-to-severe subnormal VA (P < 0.001) and myopic shift on cycloplegic refraction (P = 0.014 right eyes and P = 0.004 left eyes) than those with nonsyndromic ID. Conclusions: A considerable proportion of ID children have significant visual disorders. This emphasizes the need for adequate diagnostic and therapeutic national eye care services for children with ID.
Databáze:	OpenAIRE
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