| Autor: |
Vishwa Ranjan Upadhyay, Vikram Ramesh, Raju Kr Dewry, Dileep Kr Yadav, Perumal Ponraj |
| Rok vydání: |
2022 |
| Předmět: |
|
| Zdroj: |
Theriogenology. 187:82-94 |
| ISSN: |
0093-691X |
| DOI: |
10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.04.024 |
| Popis: |
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are the mediators of redox activity and are known to perform concentration-specific bimodal roles. At lower concentrations, serves as a molecular messenger and signaling molecule while at higher concentrations induces stress which in turn alters the sperm's functional characteristics. Production of ROS and RNS cannot be prevented entirely and should not be followed as a pragmatic approach as they are involved in numerous sperm physiological functions. When the antioxidants defense armory is meager, excess generation of these species cross the physiological limits and inactivates essential metabolic enzymes and disrupts signal transduction altering normal sperm functions. As per the available literature, oxidants mostly arise as a result of pathological conditions or cryopreservation-induced injury. Dead and debilitated or abnormal spermatozoa and associated leukocytes release free radicals in an excess amount which elicits oxidative and nitrosative stressors that are potentially toxic to cryosurviving sperm. ROS plays a double edge sword effect on sperm function, as regulators of physiological mechanisms at low levels and as toxicants when produced at high concentrations. Recently nitric oxide (NO |
| Databáze: |
OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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Full Text from ScienceDirect