Decline in commercial pine nut and kernel yield in Mediterranean stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) in Spain
| Autor: | R. Gandía, Marta Pardos, Rafael Calama, G. Madrigal, E. Garriga, Gregorio Montero, Javier Gordo, M. Conde, M.J. Arias, Sven Mutke, Míriam Piqué |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
Mediterranean climate Leptoglossus leptoglossus occidentalis 01 natural sciences Mediterranean Basin cones lcsh:Forestry Nature and Landscape Conservation Biotic component Ecology biology Wood production kernel-per-cone yield Forestry 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences Western conifer seed bug biology.organism_classification Agronomy seed predation Seed predation 040103 agronomy & agriculture 0401 agriculture forestry and fisheries lcsh:SD1-669.5 PEST analysis exotic pest 010606 plant biology & botany |
| Zdroj: | iForest-Biogeosciences and Forestry, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 251-260 (2020) |
| ISSN: | 1971-7458 |
| Popis: | Cones of the Mediterranean stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) constitute one of the most relevant non-wood forest products collected in the Mediterranean forests, providing high value edible kernels. In the last years it has been observed a severe decline in the kernel-per-cone yield (kg of kernels obtained from a kg of fresh cones) through the whole area of the species. This decline has been associated with both ongoing climate change and the recent expansion over the Mediterranean Basin of the Western Conifer Seed Bug, Leptoglossus occidentalis Heideman, an exotic pest which predates seeds of conifer species. In the present work we aimed to confirm and quantify the impact of this recent decline on pine nut and kernel production, identify the main factors provoking this reduction, and give evidence over causality by a potential biotic agent. We analysed recent and historical series of pine nut and kernel production obtained in the four main regions where Pinus pinea occurs in Spain. Our results showed a significant drop in the final kernel-per-cone yield on three of the four regions analysed, reaching reductions over 50% in the most affected areas. We observed that this reduction is mainly associated with a significant and generalised drop in the kernel-per-nut yield (kg of kernels per kg of pine nuts in shell), triggered by an increment in the rate of damaged pine nuts and, to a lesser extent, a reduction in the number of pine nuts per cone. The prevalence of this reduction on kernel-per-cone yield over different years and provenances with contrasting climate reinforces the hypothesis of the implication of a biotic factor which can be aggravated on extreme drought years. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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