MANUFACTURE OF COPPER ORE BEADSIN ATACAMA (CHILE) DURING THE MIDDLE HORIZON (CA. 400-1000 AD): NEW CONTEXTUAL EVIDENCES AND CONTRIBUTIONS FROM EXPERIMENTAL ARCHEOLOGY
| Autor: | Helena Horta Tricallotis, Wilfredo Faundes Catalán |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
necklace beads manufacture
mineral de cobre 010506 paleontology Archeology experimental archeology media_common.quotation_subject Population Copper ore oases of Atacama 01 natural sciences Quitor 6 cemetery arqueología experimental Middle horizon cementerio Quitor 6 0601 history and archaeology especialización artesanal education manufactura de cuentas de collar 0105 earth and related environmental sciences media_common education.field_of_study 060102 archaeology 06 humanities and the arts Art craft specialization Anthropology oasis de Atacama Humanities |
| Zdroj: | Chungará (Arica), Volume: 50, Issue: 3, Pages: 397-422, Published: SEP 2018 Chungará (Arica) v.50 n.3 2018 SciELO Chile CONICYT Chile instacron:CONICYT |
| ISSN: | 0717-7356 |
| DOI: | 10.4067/s0717-73562018005000801 |
| Popis: | espanolResumen: Este trabajo da cuenta de investigaciones contextuales y de experimentacion arqueologica llevadas a cabo en relacion con el rol social y ritual jugado por la manufactura de objetos de mineral de cobre (cuentas de collar, pendientes y placas, principalmente), y sus diversos contextos de uso en el salar de Atacama para el periodo Medio (ca. 400-1.000 DC). Nuestro analisis -centrado en la observacion integral de los elementos que componian los ajuares funerarios del cementerio de Quitor 6 en San Pedro de Atacama- arroja luz sobre la renovada importancia alcanzada por dicha industria durante el periodo Medio. Al mismo tiempo, revela detalles hasta aqui no conocidos sobre la especializacion y distribucion diferencial de la manufactura lapidaria al interior de la sociedad atacamena. Mediante la aplicacion de la experimentacion arqueologica se ha establecido la funcion original de un artefacto de madera, el cual constituia la base o soporte utilizado especificamente para perforar cuentas. Se presenta ademas nueva informacion acerca de ciertos gestos rituales de la funebria asociados al mineral de cobre, datos que refuerzan el vinculo especial que durante miles de anos existio entre dicho mineral, las comunidades atacamenas (ayllus) y los objetos ofrendados a sus ancestros o divinidades. Consideramos que el conjunto de evidencias constituye una base solida para plantear que la poblacion enterrada en el cementerio Quitor 6 pudo corresponder a un grupo especializado en la manufactura lapidaria en mineral de cobre. EnglishAbstract: This article presents the results of contextual research and archaeological experimentation carried out in relation to the social and ritual role played by the manufacture of copper ore objects (beads, pendants and plaques, mainly), and their various contexts of use in the Atacama salt flat for the Middle Horizon (ca. 400-1000AD). Our analysis - focused on the comprehensive observation of the elements that made up the burial offerings of Quitor 6 cemetery in San Pedro de Atacama - throws light on the renewed importance gained by this industry during the Middle Horizon. At the same time, it reveals hitherto unknown details about the specialization and differential distribution of lapidary manufacture within the Atacamenian society. Through the application of archaeological experimentation, the original function of a wooden artifact has been established, which turns out to be the base or support used specifically for the drilling of beads. New information is also presented about certain funerary ritual gestures associated with copper ore, data that reinforce the special bond that existed for thousands of years between the mineral, the Atacamenian communities (ayllus) and the objects offered to their ancestors or deities. We consider that this set of evidence strongly suggests that the population buried in Quitor 6 cemetery could correspond to a group specialized in copper ore lapidary manufacture. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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