Independent suboesophageal neuronal innervation of the defense gland and longitudinal muscles in the stick insect ( Peruphasma schultei ) prothorax
| Autor: | Johannes Strauß, Joscha Arne Alt, Konrad Stolz, Reinhard Lakes-Harlan |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
Male
0301 basic medicine Insecta Neurite Sensory system Biology Ejaculatory duct 03 medical and health sciences Exocrine Glands Suboesophageal ganglion medicine Animals Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics Motor Neurons Muscles General Medicine Anatomy 030104 developmental biology Prothorax medicine.anatomical_structure nervous system Insect Science Female Ganglia Soma Neuron Developmental Biology Neuroanatomy |
| Zdroj: | Arthropod Structure & Development. 47:162-172 |
| ISSN: | 1467-8039 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.asd.2018.02.003 |
| Popis: | This study investigates the neuroanatomy of the defense gland and a related muscle in the stick insect Peruphasma schultei with axonal tracing and histological sections. The gland is innervated by three neurons through the Nervus anterior of the suboesophageal ganglion (SOG), the ipsilateral neuron (ILN), the contralateral neuron (CLN) and the prothoracic intersegmental neuron (PIN). The ILN has a large soma which is typical for motoneurons that cause fast contraction of large muscles and its dendrites are located in motor-sensory and sensory neuropile areas of the SOG. The CLN might be involved in the coordination of bilateral or unilateral discharge as its neurites are closely associated to the ILN of the contralateral gland. Close to the ejaculatory duct of the gland lies a dorsal longitudinal neck muscle, musculus pronoto-occipitalis (Idlm2), which is likely indirectly involved in gland discharge by controlling neck movements and, therefore, the direction of discharge. This muscle is innervated by three ventral median neurons (VMN). Thus, three neuron types (ILN, CLN, and PIN) innervate the gland muscle directly, and the VMNs could aid secretion indirectly. The cytoanatomy of motorneurons innervating the defense gland and neck muscle are discussed regarding the structure and functions of the neuropile in the SOG. As a basis for the neuroanatomical study on the defense gland we assembled a map of the SOG in Phasmatodea. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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