Toxic Combustion Product Yields as a Function of Equivalence Ratio and Flame Retardants in Under-Ventilated Fires: Bench-Large-Scale Comparisons
| Autor: | David A. Purser |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Fire test
business.product_category Materials science flame retardant Polymers and Plastics Polyisocyanurate Thermodynamics 020101 civil engineering 02 engineering and technology Combustion Article carbon monoxide equivalence ratio 0201 civil engineering cellulosic lcsh:QD241-441 lcsh:Organic chemistry hydrogen cyanide Tube furnace Composite material Steady state toxic products polyamide General Chemistry Compartment (chemistry) 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology Yield (chemistry) combustion fire polyisocyanurate 0210 nano-technology business Fire retardant |
| Zdroj: | Polymers Polymers, Vol 8, Iss 9, p 330 (2016) Polymers; Volume 8; Issue 9; Pages: 330 |
| ISSN: | 2073-4360 |
| Popis: | In large-scale compartment fires; combustion product yields vary with combustion conditions mainly in relation to the fuel:air equivalence ratio (Φ) and the effects of gas-phase flame retardants. Yields of products of inefficient combustion; including the major toxic products CO; HCN and organic irritants; increase considerably as combustion changes from well-ventilated (Φ < 1) to under-ventilated (Φ = 1–3). It is therefore essential that bench-scale toxicity tests reproduce this behaviour across the Φ range. Yield data from repeat compartment fire tests for any specific fuel show some variation on either side of a best-fit curve for CO yield as a function of Φ. In order to quantify the extent to which data from the steady state tube furnace (SSTF [1]; ISO TS19700 [2]) represents compartment fire yields; the range and average deviations of SSTF data for CO yields from the compartment fire best-fit curve were compared to those for direct compartment fire measurements for six different polymeric fuels with textile and non-textile applications and for generic post-flashover fire CO yield data. The average yields; range and standard deviations of the SSTF data around the best-fit compartment fire curves were found to be close to those for the compartment fire data. It is concluded that SSTF data are as good a predictor of compartment fire yields as are repeat compartment fire test data. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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