Bat point counts: A novel sampling method shines light on flying bat communities
Autor: | Joe Chun-Chia Huang, Kevin Darras, Thomas C. Wanger, Delphine-Clara Zemp, Ellena Yusti, Agus Priyono Kartono |
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Rok vydání: | 2021 |
Předmět: |
biodiversity sampling
0106 biological sciences 0303 health sciences Ecology ultrasound 010603 evolutionary biology 01 natural sciences thermal near‐infrared 03 medical and health sciences point count Chiroptera Environmental science Point (geometry) Research Articles QH540-549.5 Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics Research Article 030304 developmental biology Nature and Landscape Conservation Remote sensing |
Zdroj: | Ecology and Evolution, Vol 11, Iss 23, Pp 17179-17190 (2021) Ecology and Evolution |
ISSN: | 2045-7758 |
Popis: | Emerging technologies based on the detection of electro‐magnetic energy offer promising opportunities for sampling biodiversity. We exploit their potential by showing here how they can be used in bat point counts—a novel method to sample flying bats—to overcome shortcomings of traditional sampling methods, and to maximize sampling coverage and taxonomic resolution of this elusive taxon with minimal sampling bias. We conducted bat point counts with a sampling rig combining a thermal scope to detect bats, an ultrasound recorder to obtain echolocation calls, and a near‐infrared camera to capture bat morphology. We identified bats with a dedicated identification key combining acoustic and morphological features, and compared bat point counts with the standard bat sampling methods of mist‐netting and automated ultrasound recording in three oil palm plantation sites in Indonesia, over nine survey nights. Based on rarefaction and extrapolation sampling curves, bat point counts were similarly effective but more time‐efficient than the established methods for sampling the oil palm species pool in our study. Point counts sampled species that tend to avoid nets and those that are not echolocating, and thus cannot be detected acoustically. We identified some bat sonotypes with near‐infrared imagery, and bat point counts revealed strong sampling biases in previous studies using capture‐based methods, suggesting similar biases in other regions might exist. Our method should be tested in a wider range of habitats and regions to assess its performance. However, while capture‐based methods allow to identify bats with absolute and internal morphometry, and unattended ultrasound recorders can effectively sample echolocating bats, bat point counts are a promising, non‐invasive, and potentially competitive new tool for sampling all flying bats without bias and observing their behavior in the wild. Bat point counts are a modern, novel sampling method using thermal, ultrasonic, and near‐infrared sensors. It rivals established mist‐netting and passive acoustic monitoring methods. We showcase the unique advantages of the method offers and how it shines a new light on all types of flying bats. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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