Occurrence of select perfluoroalkyl substances at U.S. Air Force aqueous film-forming foam release sites other than fire-training areas: Field-validation of critical fate and transport properties
| Autor: | R. Hunter Anderson, Janet K. Anderson, Ronald C. Porter, G. Cornell Long |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Environmental Engineering
Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis 0208 environmental biotechnology Poison control 02 engineering and technology 010501 environmental sciences 01 natural sciences Fires Soil chemistry.chemical_compound Military Facilities Soil Pollutants Environmental Chemistry Groundwater 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Fluorocarbons Aqueous solution Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Environmental engineering Sediment General Medicine General Chemistry Pollution 020801 environmental engineering Perfluorooctane Emergency response Multiple media chemistry Environmental science Surface water Water Pollutants Chemical |
| Zdroj: | Chemosphere. 150:678-685 |
| ISSN: | 0045-6535 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.01.014 |
| Popis: | The use of aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) to extinguish hydrocarbon-based fires is recognized as a significant source of environmental poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). Although the occurrence of select PFASs in soil and groundwater at former fire-training areas (FTAs) at military installations operable since 1970 has been consistently confirmed, studies reporting the occurrence of PFASs at other AFFF-impacted sites (e.g. emergency response locations, AFFF lagoons, hangar-related AFFF storage tanks and pipelines, and fire station testing and maintenance areas) are largely missing from the literature. Further, studies have mostly focused on a single site (i.e., FTAs at military installations) and, thus, lack a comparison of sites with diverse AFFF release history. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to evaluate select PFAS occurrence at non-FTA sites on active U.S. Air Force installations with historic AFFF use of varying magnitude. Concentrations of fifteen perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) and perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA), an important PFOS precursor, were measured from several hundred samples among multiple media (i.e., surface soil, subsurface soil, sediment, surface water, and groundwater) collected from forty AFFF-impacted sites across ten installations between March and September 2014, representing one of the most comprehensive datasets on environmental PFAS occurrence to date. Differences in detection frequencies and observed concentrations due to AFFF release volume are presented along with rigorous data analyses that quantitatively demonstrate phase-dependent (i.e., solid-phase vs aqueous-phase) differences in the chemical signature as a function of carbon chain-length and in situ PFOS (and to a slightly lesser extent PFHxS) formation, presumably due to precursor biotransformation. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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