Internalization and retrograde axonal trafficking of tetanus toxin in motor neurons and trans-synaptic propagation at central synapses exceed those of its C-terminal-binding fragments
| Autor: | Ovsepian, Saak V, Ovespian, Saak V, Bodeker, MacDara, O'Leary, Valerie B, Lawrence, Gary W, Oliver Dolly, J. |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
drug effects [Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials]
metabolism [Spinal Cord] Histology Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25 drug effects [Brain Stem] drug effects [Synapses] drug effects [Spinal Cord] Axonal Transport metabolism [Tetanus Toxin] drug effects [Axonal Transport] metabolism [Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25] Tetanus Toxin physiology [Axonal Transport] metabolism [Brain Stem] Animals ddc:610 drug effects [Motor Neurons] Cells Cultured Motor Neurons General Neuroscience cytology [Spinal Cord] physiology [Brain Stem] Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials cytology [Motor Neurons] metabolism [Motor Neurons] metabolism [Synapses] Rats Spinal Cord Synapses Snap25 protein rat Anatomy pharmacology [Tetanus Toxin] physiology [Motor Neurons] Brain Stem |
| Zdroj: | Brain structure & function 220(3), 1825-1838 (2015). doi:10.1007/s00429-015-1004-0 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s00429-015-1004-0 |
| Popis: | The prominent tropism of tetanus toxin (TeTx) towards peripheral nerves with retrograde transport and transfer to central neurons render it an invaluable probe for exploring fundamental neuronal processes such as endocytosis, retrograde trafficking and trans-synaptic transport to central neurons. While the specificity of TeTx to nerve cells has been attributed to its binding domains (HC and HCC), molecular determinants of the long-range trafficking that ensure its central delivery and induction of spastic paralysis remain elusive. Here, we report that a protease-inactive TeTx mutant (TeTIM) fused to core streptavidin (CS) proved superior to CS-HC and CS-HCC fragments in antagonizing the internalization of the active toxin in cultured spinal cord neurons. Also, in comparison to CS-HC and CS-HCC, CS-TeTIM undergoes faster clearance from motor nerve terminals after peripheral injection, and is detected in a greater number of neurons in the spinal cord and brain stem ipsi-lateral to the administration site. Consistent with trans-synaptic transfer from motor neurons to inter-neurons, CS-TeTIM infiltrated non-cholinergic cells in the spinal cord; in contrast, the retrograde spread of CS-HC was largely restricted to neurons stained for choline acetyltransferase. Peripheral injection of CS-TeTIM conjugated to a lentivirus encoding mutated SNAP-25, resistant to cleavage by botulinum neurotoxin A, E and C1, rendered spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents in motor neurons resilient to challenge by type A toxin in vitro, whereas the same virus conjugated to CS-HC proved ineffective. These findings indicate that full-length inactive TeTx greatly exceeds HC and HCC in targeting and invading motor nerve terminals at the periphery and exploits more efficiently the retrograde transport and trans-synaptic transfer mechanisms of motor neurons to arrive at central neurons. Such qualities render TeTIM a more suitable research probe and neuron-targeting vehicle for retro-axonal delivery of viral vectors to the CNS. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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