Melatonin interferes with COVID-19 at several distinct ROS-related steps

Autor: Neha Nayak, Husam M. Abu-Soud, David Bai, Damla C. Gonullu, Olivia G. Camp
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
Fe
iron
HOCl
hypochlorous acid
Anti-Inflammatory Agents
MPO
myeloperoxidase
Apoptosis
Review Article
Pharmacology
medicine.disease_cause
Biochemistry
Antioxidants
chemistry.chemical_compound
Vitamin B Deficiency
CNCl
cyanogen chloride
NOS
nitric oxide synthase
ONOO−
and peroxynitrite
Melatonin
chemistry.chemical_classification
Chemistry
Co
cobalt
MMP
matrix metalloproteinase
H2O2
hydrogen peroxide
iNOS
inducible nitric oxide synthase
H4B
tetrahydrobiopterin
Cytokines
medicine.symptom
Cytokine Release Syndrome
Oxidation-Reduction
medicine.drug
Hemeproteins
NETs
neutrophil extracellular traps
Inflammation
Nitric Oxide
Neuroprotection
Nitric oxide
Inorganic Chemistry
ROS
reactive oxygen species
medicine
Humans
Mammalian peroxidase
Peroxidase
Reactive oxygen species
NO
nitric oxide
•OH
hydroxyl radical
SARS-CoV-2
Hemoprotein
COVID-19
Hypoxia (medical)
medicine.disease
O2•-
superoxide
Hypochlorous Acid
COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Oxidative Stress
NOHA
N-hydroxyarginine
CAT
catalase
Cytokine storm
Sleep
Reactive Oxygen Species
Oxidative stress
HSA
human serum albumin
Hb
hemoglobin
Zdroj: Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry
ISSN: 1873-3344
0162-0134
Popis: Recent studies have shown a correlation between COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and the distinct, exaggerated immune response titled “cytokine storm”. This immune response leads to excessive production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause clinical signs characteristic of COVID-19 such as decreased oxygen saturation, alteration of hemoglobin properties, decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, vasoconstriction, elevated cytokines, cardiac and/or renal injury, enhanced D-dimer, leukocytosis, and an increased neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio. Particularly, neutrophil myeloperoxidase (MPO) is thought to be especially abundant and, as a result, contributes substantially to oxidative stress and the pathophysiology of COVID-19. Conversely, melatonin, a potent MPO inhibitor, has been noted for its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotective actions. Melatonin has been proposed as a safe therapeutic agent for COVID-19 recently, having been given with a US Food and Drug Administration emergency authorized cocktail, REGEN-COV2, for management of COVID-19 progression. This review distinctly highlights both how the destructive interactions of HOCl with tetrapyrrole rings may contribute to oxygen deficiency and hypoxia, vitamin B12 deficiency, NO deficiency, increased oxidative stress, and sleep disturbance, as well as how melatonin acts to prevent these events, thereby improving COVID-19 prognosis.
Graphical abstract The proposed pathway of SAR-CoV-2 infection associated with an uncontrolled immune response and cytokine storm generating MPO and ROS resulting in decreased NO and vasoconstriction, decreased O2 and hypoxia, and vitamin B12 deficiency through tetrapyrrole ring destruction, and the prevention by melatonin.Unlabelled Image
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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