Longxuetongluo Capsule protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through endoplasmic reticulum stress and MAPK-mediated mechanisms
| Autor: | Lingxiao Wang, Hui-Xia Huo, Wei Xiao, Bo Pan, Zi-Yu Liu, Yun-Fang Zhao, Pengfei Tu, Jun Li, Jing Sun, Jiao Zheng |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
MAPK/ERK pathway Medicine (General) Science (General) Ischemia Pharmaceutical Science Apoptosis Pharmacology 03 medical and health sciences Q1-390 0302 clinical medicine R5-920 medicine Protein kinase A ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS Multidisciplinary Oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion Chemistry Endoplasmic reticulum medicine.disease Protein kinase R 030104 developmental biology nervous system 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis Unfolded protein response Endoplasmic reticulum stress Longxuetongluo Capsule Reperfusion injury |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Advanced Research, Vol 33, Iss, Pp 215-225 (2021) Journal of Advanced Research |
| ISSN: | 2090-1232 |
| Popis: | Graphical abstract Introduction Longxuetongluo Capsule (LTC) is wildly applied to treat ischemic stroke in clinical practice in China. However, the pharmacological mechanism of LTC on ischemic stroke is still unstated. Objective Our research was designed to study the protective effect of LTC against cerebral ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury and reveal the underlying mechanism both in vivo and in vitro. Methods PC12 cells treated with glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) were used to simulate in vitro ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The cell viability, apoptosis rate, and protein expressions of PC12 cells were evaluated. In vivo validation of the protective effect of LTC was carried out by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)/reperfusion treatment, and the underlying mechanism of its anti-apoptosis ability was further revealed by immunohistochemistry staining and Western blotting. Results In the current study, we observed that LTC effectively inhibited oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) induced apoptosis of PC12 cells through suppressing the cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), caspase-3, and caspase-9. Further investigation revealed that OGD/R insult remarkably triggered the endoplasmic reticulum stress responses (ER stress) to induce PC12 cell apoptosis. LTC treatment alleviated OGD/R induced ER stress by inhibiting the activation of protein kinase RNA (PKR)-like ER kinase (PERK)/eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) and inositol requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1)/tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) pathways. Additionally, LTC also restrained the OGD/R-induced PC12 cell apoptosis by reversing the activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) through IRE1/TRAF2 pathway. Animal studies demonstrated LTC significantly restricted the infarct region induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)/reperfusion, the activation of ER stress and apoptosis of neuronal cells had also been suppressed by LTC in the penumbra region. Conclusion LTC protects the cerebral neuronal cell against ischemia/reperfusion injury through ER stress and MAPK-mediated mechanisms. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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