Myocardial Infarction with Limb Arterial and Venous Thrombosis in a Patient with Enoxaparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia
| Autor: | Sandeep Singh Lubana, Han-Mou Tsai, Navdeep Singh |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
medicine.medical_specialty
Pyridones medicine.drug_class 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology Arginine Platelet Factor 4 Antithrombins Argatroban 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Internal medicine medicine Humans Enoxaparin Aged Sulfonamides business.industry Antithrombin Anticoagulant Thrombosis Articles General Medicine Heparin medicine.disease Thrombocytopenia Pulmonary embolism Venous thrombosis Pipecolic Acids 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis Cardiology Pyrazoles ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Female business Platelet factor 4 Factor Xa Inhibitors medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | The American Journal of Case Reports |
| ISSN: | 1941-5923 |
| Popis: | Patient: Female, 67-year-old Final Diagnosis: Enoxaparin induced thrombocytopenia with life threatening thrombosis Symptoms: Chest discomfort Medication:— Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Hematology Objective: Educational purpose Background: Heparin, often used as an anticoagulant, acts by binding to antithrombin III. Indeed, heparin binds to a variety of proteins other than antithrombin III. Among them, platelet factor 4 can bind and neutralize the anticoagulant activity of heparin. Upon binding with heparin, platelet factor 4 undergoes a conformational change and expresses immunogenic neo-epitopes that induce the generation of antibodies of the platelet factor 4 heparin complex. This immune reaction may lead to thrombocytopenia and venous, arterial, or microvascular thrombosis. However, the risk of such complications is quite variable, as it is affected not only by the source and dose of heparin and the clinical condition (e.g., cardiovascular surgery and orthopedic surgery) of the patient, but also the molecular size of the heparin formulation. Venous, arterial, and small-vessel thrombosis can lead to leg swelling, pulmonary embolism, stroke, skin necrosis, or gangrene requiring limb amputation or intestinal resection. Myocardial infarction due to coronary thrombosis also occurs, although it is less common and can be readily recognized. Case Report: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a potentially life-threatening complication of heparin therapy. We report the case of a 67-year-old woman who developed ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and thrombocytopenia within 10 days of prophylactic enoxaparin therapy after undergoing bilateral total knee replacement surgery. She also had peripheral arterial and venous thrombosis. With thrombolysis and argatroban anticoagulation therapy, she recovered without residual sequelae. Conclusions: Thrombocytopenia with coronary and other vascular thrombosis is a potentially serious complication of heparin therapy. A trend of decreased platelet count, decreased platelet count by 30% or more, and/or occurrence of any type of thrombosis should raise the suspicion of HIT. This case demonstrates that early recognition and prompt treatment of HIT can be life-saving. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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