Force degradation of closed coil springs: An in vitro evaluation
| Autor: | Janet V. Arnold, Ram S. Nanda, Manville G. Duncanson, Padmaraj V. Angolkar |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 1992 |
| Předmět: |
Dental Stress Analysis
Titanium Analysis of Variance Universal testing machine Materials science Orthodontic wire Dental alloys Metallurgy Group ii Orthodontics Stainless Steel Coil spring Elasticity Nickel Nickel titanium Materials Testing Orthodontic Wires In vitro study Chromium Alloys Composite material Dental Alloys |
| Zdroj: | American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 102:127-133 |
| ISSN: | 0889-5406 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/0889-5406(92)70024-5 |
| Popis: | This in vitro study was designed to determine the force degradation of closed coil springs made of stainless steel (SS), cobalt-chromium-nickel (Co−Cr−Ni) and nickel-titanium (Niti) alloys, when they were extended to generate an initial force value in the range of 150 to 160 gm. The specimens were divided into two groups. Group I included SS, Co−Cr−Ni, and two nickel-titanium spring types (Niti 1 and Niti 2), 0.010×0.030 inch with an initial length of 12 mm. Group II was comprised of SS, Co−Cr−Ni, and Niti 3 0.010×0.036-inch springs, with an initial length of 6 mm. A universal testing machine was used to measure force. A pilot study determined the extension required for each spring type, so that the initial force was in the range of 150 to 160 gm. Initial force was recorded, and then the springs were extended to the respective distances at 4 hours, 24 hours, 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, and 28 days resulting in a total of eight time periods. Between the time intervals, all springs were extended to the same initial extension on specially designed racks and stored in a salivary substitute at 37°C. Means and standard deviations of force values, percent force loss, and mean extension were statistically analyzed. All springs showed a force loss over time. Of the total, the major force loss for most springs was found to occur in the first 24 hours. The SS and Co−Cr−Ni springs showed relatively higher force decay in group I (0.010×0.030 inch compared with Niti 1 and Niti 2. The Niti 3 springs of group II (0.010×0.036 inch) showed higher force degradation than the SS and Co−Cr−Ni springs of this group. The least force decay was found in the Niti 1 springs. In general, the total force loss after 28 days was in the range of 8% to 20% for all springs tested. This was considered to be relatively less compared with force loss shown by latex elastics and synthetic elastic modules as reported in the literature. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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