Calcineurin inhibitors recruit protein kinases JAK2 and JNK, TLR signaling and the UPR to activate NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses in kidney tubular cells
| Autor: | Susana Carrasco, Sergio Berzal, Beatriz Fernandez-Fernandez, Carlos Ocaña-Salceda, Pablo Cannata-Ortiz, Alberto Ortiz, Adrian M. Ramos, Cristian González-Guerrero, Jesús Egido |
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| Rok vydání: | 2013 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male MAP Kinase Kinase 4 Calcineurin Inhibitors Inflammation Toxicology Tacrolimus Nephrotoxicity Proinflammatory cytokine chemistry.chemical_compound Mice medicine Animals Humans STAT3 Aged Pharmacology Nephritis biology Kinase Calcineurin NF-kappa B NF-κB Janus Kinase 2 Middle Aged Mice Inbred C57BL Toll-Like Receptor 4 Kidney Tubules chemistry Immunology TLR4 biology.protein Cancer research Cyclosporine Unfolded Protein Response medicine.symptom Inflammation Mediators Signal Transduction |
| Zdroj: | Toxicology and applied pharmacology. 272(3) |
| ISSN: | 1096-0333 |
| Popis: | The calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) cyclosporine (CsA) and tacrolimus are key drugs in current immunosuppressive regimes for solid organ transplantation. However, they are nephrotoxic and promote death and profibrotic responses in tubular cells. Moreover, renal inflammation is observed in CNI nephrotoxicity but the mechanisms are poorly understood. We have now studied molecular pathways leading to inflammation elicited by the CNIs in cultured and kidney tubular cells. Both CsA and tacrolimus elicited a proinflammatory response in tubular cells as evidenced by a transcriptomics approach. Transcriptomics also suggested several potential pathways leading to expression of proinflammatory genes. Validation and functional studies disclosed that in tubular cells, CNIs activated protein kinases such as the JAK2/STAT3 and TAK1/JNK/AP-1 pathways, TLR4/Myd88/IRAK signaling and the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) to promote NF-κB activation and proinflammatory gene expression. CNIs also activated an Nrf2/HO-1-dependent compensatory response and the Nrf2 activator sulforaphane inhibited JAK2 and JNK activation and inflammation. A murine model of CsA nephrotoxicity corroborated activation of the proinflammatory pathways identified in cell cultures. Human CNIs nephrotoxicity was also associated with NF-κB, STAT3 and IRE1α activation. In conclusion, CNIs recruit several intracellular pathways leading to previously non-described proinflammatory actions in renal tubular cells. Identification of these pathways provides novel clues for therapeutic intervention to limit CNIs nephrotoxicity. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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