Wired to run: exercise-induced endocannabinoid signaling in humans and cursorial mammals with implications for the ‘runner’s high’
| Autor: | Adam D. Foster, David A. Raichlen, Alexandre Seillier, Andrea Giuffrida, Gregory L. Gerdeman |
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| Rok vydání: | 2012 |
| Předmět: |
Cannabinoid receptor
Physiology Aquatic Science Biology Cursorial Running chemistry.chemical_compound Dogs Endurance training Physical Conditioning Animal Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators Animals Humans Aerobic exercise Neurotransmitter Exercise Molecular Biology Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics Ferrets Endocannabinoid system chemistry Insect Science Physical Endurance Animal Science and Zoology Mammal Brain stimulation reward Neuroscience Endocannabinoids Signal Transduction |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Experimental Biology. 215:1331-1336 |
| ISSN: | 1477-9145 0022-0949 |
| DOI: | 10.1242/jeb.063677 |
| Popis: | SUMMARY Humans report a wide range of neurobiological rewards following moderate and intense aerobic activity, popularly referred to as the ‘runner’s high’, which may function to encourage habitual aerobic exercise. Endocannabinoids (eCBs) are endogenous neurotransmitters that appear to play a major role in generating these rewards by activating cannabinoid receptors in brain reward regions during and after exercise. Other species also regularly engage in endurance exercise (cursorial mammals), and as humans share many morphological traits with these taxa, it is possible that exercise-induced eCB signaling motivates habitual high-intensity locomotor behaviors in cursorial mammals. If true, then neurobiological rewards may explain variation in habitual locomotor activity and performance across mammals. We measured circulating eCBs in humans, dogs (a cursorial mammal) and ferrets (a non-cursorial mammal) before and after treadmill exercise to test the hypothesis that neurobiological rewards are linked to high-intensity exercise in cursorial mammals. We show that humans and dogs share significantly increased exercise-induced eCB signaling following high-intensity endurance running. eCB signaling does not significantly increase following low-intensity walking in these taxa, and eCB signaling does not significantly increase in the non-cursorial ferrets following exercise at any intensity. This study provides the first evidence that inter-specific variation in neurotransmitter signaling may explain differences in locomotor behavior among mammals. Thus, a neurobiological reward for endurance exercise may explain why humans and other cursorial mammals habitually engage in aerobic exercise despite the higher associated energy costs and injury risks, and why non-cursorial mammals avoid such locomotor behaviors. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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