Canine antibodies against salivary recombinant proteins of phlebotomus perniciosus: A longitudinal study in an endemic focus of canine Leishmaniasis

Autor: Tereza Lestinova, Gaetano Oliva, Aldo Scalone, Iva Rohousova, Marina Gramiccia, Michaela Vlkova, Eduardo Berriatua, Petra Sumova, Tatiana Kostalova, Luigi Gradoni, Petr Volf, Eleonora Fiorentino
Přispěvatelé: Kostalova, Tatiana, Lestinova, Tereza, Sumova, Petra, Vlkova, Michaela, Rohousova, Iva, Berriatua, Eduardo, Oliva, Gaetano, Fiorentino, Eleonora, Scalone, Aldo, Gramiccia, Marina, Gradoni, Luigi, Volf, Petr
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2015
Předmět:
Saliva
lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine
Endemic Diseases
lcsh:RC955-962
030231 tropical medicine
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Infectious Disease
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Antibodies
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Dogs
stomatognathic system
Antigen
Risk Factors
parasitic diseases
medicine
Canine leishmaniasis
Animals
Phlebotomus
Dog Diseases
Longitudinal Studies
Salivary Proteins and Peptides
Leishmaniasis
030304 developmental biology
0303 health sciences
biology
Salivary gland
lcsh:Public aspects of medicine
fungi
Public Health
Environmental and Occupational Health
lcsh:RA1-1270
biology.organism_classification
medicine.disease
Leishmania
Virology
Recombinant Proteins
3. Good health
Infectious Diseases
medicine.anatomical_structure
Italy
Pharmacology
Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (all)
Immunology
Leishmania infantum
Research Article
Zdroj: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 9, Iss 6, p e0003855 (2015)
Popis: Background Phlebotomine sand flies are vectors of Leishmania parasites. During blood feeding, sand flies deposit into the host skin immunogenic salivary proteins which elicit specific antibody responses. These anti-saliva antibodies enable an estimate of the host exposure to sand flies and, in leishmaniasis endemic areas, also the risk for Leishmania infections. However, the use of whole salivary gland homogenates as antigen has several limitations, and therefore, recombinant salivary proteins have been tested to replace them in antibody detection assays. In this study, we have used for the first time sand fly salivary recombinant proteins in a longitudinal field study on dogs. Methodology/Principal Findings Sera from dogs naturally exposed to P. perniciosus bites over two consecutive transmission seasons in a site endemic for canine leishmaniasis (CanL) were tested at different time points by ELISA for the antibodies recognizing whole saliva, single salivary 43 kDa yellow-related recombinant protein (rSP03B), and a combination of two salivary recombinant proteins, 43 kDa yellow-related protein and 35.5 kDa apyrase (rSP01). Dogs were also tested for Leishmania infantum positivity by serology, culture, and PCR and the infection status was evaluated prospectively. We found a significant association between active CanL infection and the amount of anti-P. perniciosus saliva antibodies. Importantly, we detected a high correlation between IgG antibodies recognizing rSP03B protein and the whole salivary antigen. The kinetics of antibody response showed for both a whole saliva and rSP03B a similar pattern that was clearly related to the seasonal abundance of P. perniciosus. Conclusions These results suggest that P. perniciosus rSP03B protein is a valid alternative to whole saliva and could be used in large-scale serological studies. This novel method could be a practical and economically-sound tool to detect the host exposure to sand fly bites in CanL endemic areas.
Author Summary Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is a widespread zoonosis caused by protozoan parasite Leishmania infantum. CanL is endemic in more than 70 countries, including regions of southwestern Europe, where the main vector is Phlebotomus perniciosus. Saliva inoculated into the host during blood feeding provoke species-specific antibody response. They could be used as a serological marker of exposure to sand flies and, in leishmaniasis endemic areas, also as an indication of Leishmania infection risk. However, in case of large-scale serological studies, it is difficult to obtain appropriate amounts of crude salivary antigen from laboratory-reared sand flies. Therefore, we studied if specific salivary recombinant proteins could be suitable to replace whole saliva as an antigen for serological assays. Antibodies recognizing recombinant salivary protein in naturally bitten dogs were highly correlated with antibody response against whole saliva. Seasonal exposure of dogs to sand flies led to antibody response fluctuations related to the period of activity and abundance of vectors. In a context of high CanL endemicity, we found a significant association between progressive CanL infections and antibodies against sand fly saliva. Thus, salivary recombinant proteins could be used as suitable tool for investigations host exposure to sand flies in endemic settings.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
Externí odkaz: