The Effects of Subarachnoid Administration of Preservative-Free S(+)-Ketamine on Spinal Cord and Meninges in Dogs
| Autor: | Mariângela Esther Alencar Marques, Eliana Marisa Ganem, Alfredo Cury Rojas, Fernanda Bono Fukushima, Juliana Gaiotto Alves, Guilherme Antonio Moreira de Barros, Norma Sueli Pinheiro Módolo, Rodrigo Moreira e Lima |
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| Rok vydání: | 2012 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Time Factors Chemistry Pharmaceutical Fentanyl Random Allocation Dogs Meninges Lumbar Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein medicine Animals Ketamine Injections Spinal Myelin Sheath Analgesics Cell Death business.industry Preservatives Pharmaceutical Cauda equina Spinal cord Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine medicine.anatomical_structure Spinal Cord Anesthesia Neuropathic pain Female Subarachnoid space business Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Anesthesia & Analgesia. 114:450-455 |
| ISSN: | 0003-2999 |
| DOI: | 10.1213/ane.0b013e31823a5d1b |
| Popis: | Background The N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist ketamine and its active enantiomer, S(+)-ketamine, have been injected in the epidural and subarachnoid spaces to treat acute postoperative pain and relieve neuropathic pain syndrome. In this study we evaluated the effects of a single dose of preservative-free S(+)-ketamine, in doses usually used in clinical practice, in the spinal cord and meninges of dogs. Methods Under anesthesia (IV etomidate (2 mg/kg) and fentanyl (0.005 mg/kg), 16 dogs (6 to 15 kg) were randomized to receive a lumbar intrathecal injection (L5/6) of saline solution of 0.9% (control group) or S(+)-ketamine 1 mg/kg(-1) (ketamine group). All doses were administered in a volume of 1 mL over a 10-second interval. Accordingly, injection solution ranged from 0.6% to 1.5%. After 21 days of clinical observation, the animals were killed; spinal cord, cauda equina root, and meninges were removed for histological examination with light microscopy. Tissues were examined for demyelination (Masson trichrome), neuronal death (hematoxylin and eosin) and astrocyte activation (glial fibrillary acidic protein). Results No clinical or histological alterations of spinal tissue or meninges were found in animals from either control or ketamine groups. Conclusion A single intrathecal injection of preservative-free S(+)-ketamine, at 1 mg/kg(-1) dosage, over a concentration range of 6 to 15 mg/mL injected in the subarachnoid space in a single puncture, did not produce histological alterations in this experimental model. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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