The digestion of galactolipids and its ubiquitous function in Nature for the uptake of the essential α-linolenic acid

Autor: Noelia Aldai, Jutarat Wattanakul, Sawsan Amara, David Gray, Brigitte Gontero, Frédéric Carrière, Moulay Sahaka, John T. Christeller, Jérôme Lecomte, Pierre Villeneuve, Mohamed A. Gedi, Goetz Parsiegla
Přispěvatelé: Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines (BIP ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Lipolytech, University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, UK (UON), University of the Basque Country, Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Plant & Food Research, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Rok vydání: 2020
Předmět:
0106 biological sciences
0301 basic medicine
Insecta
Fonction physiologique
Protein Conformation
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
01 natural sciences
Carboxylesterase
MGDG
Galactolipase
Vegetables
Galactolipase activity
chemistry.chemical_classification
Chemistry
Hydrolysis
Fatty Acids
Fishes
alpha-Linolenic Acid
Galactolipids
General Medicine
Lipids
Milk
Biochemistry
Digestion
Lipid digestion
DGDG
Polyunsaturated fatty acid
Meat
Galactolipid
literature [EN]
03 medical and health sciences
Animals
Humans
[SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry
Molecular Biology
Amino Acid Sequence
Herbivory
Horses
Pancreas
L02 - Alimentation animale
Galactose
Fatty acid
Glycolipide
Lipase
Gastrointestinal Tract
Plant Leaves
030104 developmental biology
Acide linolénique
[SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition
Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases
PUFA
010606 plant biology & botany
Food Science
Zdroj: Food and Function
Food and Function, Cambridge : Royal Society of Chemistry, In press, 11 (8), pp.6710-6744. ⟨10.1039/d0fo01040e⟩
Food and Function, In press, 11 (8), pp.6710-6744. ⟨10.1039/d0fo01040e⟩
ISSN: 2042-650X
2042-6496
DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01040e
Popis: International audience; Galactolipids, mainly monogalactosyl diglycerides and digalactosyl diglycerides are the main lipids found in the membranes of plants, algae and photosynthetic microorganisms like microalgae and cyanobacteria. As such, they are the main lipids present at the surface of the earth. They may represent up to 80 % of the fatty acid stocks, including a large proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids mainly -linolenic acid (ALA). Nevertheless, the interest in these lipids for nutrition and other applications remains overlooked, probably because they are dispersed in the biomass and are not as easy to extract as vegetable oils from oleaginous fruit and oil seeds. Another reason is that galactolipids only represent a small fraction of the acylglycerolipids present in modern human diet. In herbivores such as horses, fish and folivorous insects, galactolipids may however represent the main source of dietary fatty acids due to their dietary habits and digestion physiology. The development of galactolipase assays has led to the identification and characterization of the enzymes involved in the digestion of galactolipids in the gastrointestinal tract, as well as by microorganisms. Pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 (PLRP2) has been identified as an important factor of galactolipid digestion in humans, together with pancreatic carboxyl ester hydrolase (CEH). The levels of PLRP2 are particularly high in monogastric herbivores thus highlighting the peculiar role of PLRP2 in the digestion of plant lipids. Similarly, pancreatic lipase homologs are found to be expressed in the midgut of folivorous insects, in which a high galactolipase activity can be measured. In fish, however, CEH is the main galactolipase involved. This review discusses the origins and fatty acid composition of galactolipids and the physiological contribution of galactolipid digestion in various species. This overlooked aspect of lipid digestion ensures not only the intake of ALA from its main natural source, but also the main lipid source of energy for growth of some herbivorous species.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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