ATP release through connexin hemichannels and gap junction transfer of second messengers propagate Ca2+ signals across the inner ear
| Autor: | Fabio Mammano, Saida Ortolano, Stephen D. Roper, Fabio Anselmi, William D. Richardson, Mikhail A. Filippov, Giulia Crispino, Anke Seydel, Victor H. Hernandez, Nicoletta Kessaris, Hannah Monyer, Gesa Rickheit |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2008 |
| Předmět: |
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Connexin Inositol 1 4 5-Trisphosphate Second Messenger Systems Connexins deafness P2x7 receptor pannexin biosensor cells mouse models Photostimulation Tissue Culture Techniques Mice Adenosine Triphosphate 0302 clinical medicine Nucleotidases 0303 health sciences Multidisciplinary XENOPUS OOCYTES Gap junction CELL-CELL COMMUNICATION Gap Junctions P2X(7) RECEPTOR Biological Sciences Pannexin Fluoresceins Cell biology Connexin 26 medicine.anatomical_structure Second messenger system Signal transduction Signal Transduction Cations Divalent Biology GUINEA-PIG COCHLEA Connexon CALCIUM WAVES 03 medical and health sciences otorhinolaryngologic diseases Connexin 30 medicine Animals Humans Inner ear PERMEABILITY 030304 developmental biology HELA-CELLS CHANNELS RAT COCHLEA CELL-CELL COMMUNICATION GUINEA-PIG COCHLEA P2X(7) RECEPTOR PLASMA-MEMBRANE XENOPUS OOCYTES CALCIUM WAVES RAT COCHLEA HELA-CELLS CHANNELS PERMEABILITY Ear Inner PLASMA-MEMBRANE Calcium 030217 neurology & neurosurgery HeLa Cells |
| Zdroj: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105(48): 18770–18775 |
| Popis: | Extracellular ATP controls various signaling systems including propagation of intercellular Ca 2+ signals (ICS). Connexin hemichannels, P2x7 receptors (P2x7Rs), pannexin channels, anion channels, vesicles, and transporters are putative conduits for ATP release, but their involvement in ICS remains controversial. We investigated ICS in cochlear organotypic cultures, in which ATP acts as an IP 3 -generating agonist and evokes Ca 2+ responses that have been linked to noise-induced hearing loss and development of hair cell-afferent synapses. Focal delivery of ATP or photostimulation with caged IP 3 elicited Ca 2+ responses that spread radially to several orders of unstimulated cells. Furthermore, we recorded robust Ca 2+ signals from an ATP biosensor apposed to supporting cells outside the photostimulated area in WT cultures. ICS propagated normally in cultures lacking either P2x7R or pannexin-1 (Px1), as well as in WT cultures exposed to blockers of anion channels. By contrast, Ca 2+ responses failed to propagate in cultures with defective expression of connexin 26 (Cx26) or Cx30. A companion paper demonstrates that, if expression of either Cx26 or Cx30 is blocked, expression of the other is markedly down-regulated in the outer sulcus. Lanthanum, a connexin hemichannel blocker that does not affect gap junction (GJ) channels when applied extracellularly, limited the propagation of Ca 2+ responses to cells adjacent to the photostimulated area. Our results demonstrate that these connexins play a dual crucial role in inner ear Ca 2+ signaling: as hemichannels, they promote ATP release, sustaining long-range ICS propagation; as GJ channels, they allow diffusion of Ca 2+ -mobilizing second messengers across coupled cells. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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