Proposal of a new, fast, cheap, and easy method using DLLME for extraction and preconcentration of diazepam and its transformation products generated by a solar photo-Fenton process
Autor: | Carla Sirtori, Débora Salmoria Araújo, Marcelo Luis Wilde, Raquel W. Becker, Diogo S. Lüdtke |
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Rok vydání: | 2020 |
Předmět: |
Diazepam
Environmental Engineering Chromatography Materials science Liquid Phase Microextraction Ecological Modeling 0208 environmental biotechnology Extraction (chemistry) Disperser 02 engineering and technology Wastewater 010501 environmental sciences 01 natural sciences Pollution 020801 environmental engineering Solvent Scientific method Ultrapure water Solvents Degradation (geology) Waste Management and Disposal Water Pollutants Chemical 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Water Science and Technology Civil and Structural Engineering |
Zdroj: | Water Research. 184:116183 |
ISSN: | 0043-1354 |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116183 |
Popis: | This work evaluated the formation of transformation products (TPs) during the degradation of diazepam (DZP) by a solar photo-Fenton process. Six TPs were identified, three of them for the first time. After elucidation of the TPs, a new, cheap, fast, and easy method was employed to extract and preconcentrate DZP and its TPs, using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME). The method was optimized using factorial and Doehlert designs, with the best results obtained using acetonitrile as disperser solvent and chloroform as extraction solvent, with volumes of 1000 and 650 µL, respectively. When DZP degradation was performed in ultrapure water, the extraction/preconcentration of DZP and its TPs by DLLME was very similar to the results obtained using a traditional SPE method. However, when hospital wastewater was used as the matrix, more limited extraction efficiency was obtained using DLLME, compared to SPE. Meanwhile, all the TPs extracted by SPE were also extracted by the DLLME technique. Furthermore, DLLME was much less expensive than SPE, besides being faster, easier, and requiring only small amounts of organic solvents. This work reports a new and very important tool for the extraction and preconcentration of TPs formed during degradation using techniques such as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), since without this step it would not be possible to identify all the TPs formed in some complex wastewater matrices. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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