Climate and human water use diminish wetland networks supporting continental waterbird migration
| Autor: | Daniel P. Collins, Johnnie N. Moore, Sammy L. King, J. Patrick Donnelly, Eduardo Carrera-González, N. L. Silverman, Alberto Lafón‐Terrazas |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
endorheic lake and wetland desiccation 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences wetland ecosystem collapse Wetland 010603 evolutionary biology 01 natural sciences Flyway Environmental Chemistry Primary Research Article climate Mexico migratory waterbirds 0105 earth and related environmental sciences General Environmental Science Hydrology Global and Planetary Change geography geography.geographical_feature_category agricultural irrigation Ecology Water storage Primary Research Articles Arid flyway connectivity Snowmelt North America Environmental science Surface runoff Surface water Water use |
| Zdroj: | Global Change Biology |
| ISSN: | 1365-2486 1354-1013 |
| Popis: | Migrating waterbirds moving between upper and lower latitudinal breeding and wintering grounds rely on a limited network of endorheic lakes and wetlands when crossing arid continental interiors. Recent drying of global endorheic water stores raises concerns over deteriorating migratory pathways, yet few studies have considered these effects at the scale of continental flyways. Here, we investigate the resiliency of waterbird migration networks across western North America by reconstructing long‐term patterns (1984–2018) of terminal lake and wetland surface water area in 26 endorheic watersheds. Findings were partitioned regionally by snowmelt‐ and monsoon‐driven hydrologies and combined with climate and human water‐use data to determine their importance in predicting surface water trends. Nonlinear patterns of lake and wetland drying were apparent along latitudinal flyway gradients. Pervasive surface water declines were prevalent in northern snowmelt watersheds (lakes −27%, wetlands −47%) while largely stable in monsoonal watersheds to the south (lakes −13%, wetlands +8%). Monsoonal watersheds represented a smaller proportion of total lake and wetland area, but their distribution and frequency of change within highly arid regions of the continental flyway increased their value to migratory waterbirds. Irrigated agriculture and increasing evaporative demands were the most important drivers of surface water declines. Underlying agricultural and wetland relationships however were more complex. Approximately 7% of irrigated lands linked to flood irrigation and water storage practices supported 61% of all wetland inundation in snowmelt watersheds. In monsoonal watersheds, small earthen dams, meant to capture surface runoff for livestock watering, were a major component of wetland resources (67%) that supported networks of isolated wetlands surrounding endorheic lakes. Ecological trends and human impacts identified herein underscore the importance of assessing flyway‐scale change as our model depictions likely reflect new and emerging bottlenecks to continental migration. Migrating waterbirds moving between upper and lower latitudinal breeding and wintering grounds rely on a limited network of endorheic (hydrologically landlocked) lakes and wetlands when crossing arid continental interiors. We document strengthening patterns of landscape desiccation representing emerging bottlenecks to migratory pathways in western North America. Lake (a) and wetland (b) drying were pervasive in numerous watersheds, driven by agricultural water use and rising evaporative demands implying a greater need for focused wetland and waterbird conservation in this expansive region. Sustainability of waterbird migration networks will require adaptive changes to flyway conservation priorities considerate of accelerating lake and wetlands loss. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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