The Emerging Role of Neutrophils as Modifiers of Recovery After Traumatic Injury to the Developing Brain
| Autor: | Linda J. Noble-Haeusslein, Michael H. Donovan, Kaila N. Parker, Adrian A. Bates, Ramona E. von Leden |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Adolescent Traumatic brain injury Neutrophils Poison control Neuroprotection Article Pathogenesis 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Immune system Developmental Neuroscience Brain Injuries Traumatic Medicine Animals Humans Child Innate immune system business.industry Infant Newborn Infant Recovery of Function medicine.disease 030104 developmental biology Traumatic injury Neurology Neutrophil Infiltration Child Preschool business Wound healing Neuroscience 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | Exp Neurol |
| Popis: | The innate immune response plays a critical role in traumatic brain injury (TBI), contributing to ongoing pathogenesis and worsening long-term outcomes. Here we focus on neutrophils, one of the "first responders" to TBI. These leukocytes are recruited to the injured brain where they release a host of toxic molecules including free radicals, proteases, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, all of which promote secondary tissue damage. There is mounting evidence that the developing brain is more vulnerable to injury that the adult brain. This vulnerability to greater damage from TBI is, in part, attributed to relatively low antioxidant reserves coupled with an early robust immune response. The latter is reflected in enhanced sensitivity to cytokines and a prolonged recruitment of neutrophils into both cortical and subcortical regions. This review considers the contribution of neutrophils to early secondary pathogenesis in the injured developing brain and raises the distinct possibility that these leukocytes, which exhibit phenotypic plasticity, may also be poised to support wound healing. We provide a basic review of the development, life cycle, and granular contents of neutrophils and evaluate their potential as therapeutic targets for early neuroprotection and functional recovery after injury at early age. While neutrophils have been broadly studied in neurotrauma, we are only beginning to appreciate their diverse roles in the developing brain and the extent to which their acute manipulation may result in enduring neurological recovery when TBI is superimposed upon brain development. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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