Immunometabolic Changes in Glia - A Potential Role in the Pathophysiology of Obesity and Diabetes

Autor: Hannah E. Smithers, Nicole A. Morrissey, Paul G. Weightman Potter, Josephine L. Robb, Kate L. J. Ellacott, Craig Beall
Rok vydání: 2019
Předmět:
0301 basic medicine
obesity
STAT3
signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
immunometabolism
microglia
Inflammation
Context (language use)
Disease
Review
ARC
arcuate
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Immune system
astrocyte
AraC
arabinofuranosyl cytidine
Diabetes mellitus
medicine
Diabetes Mellitus
Glucose homeostasis
Humans
IGF-1
insulin-like growth factor 1
IKK
IκB kinase
NF-κB
nuclear factor-kappa B
VMH
ventromedial nucleus
ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS
Microglia
diabetes
business.industry
General Neuroscience
DMH
dorsomedial hypothalamus
OVLT
organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis
GFAP
glial-fibrillary acidic protein
medicine.disease
PI3K
PI3-kinase
030104 developmental biology
medicine.anatomical_structure
HFHS
high-fat high-sucrose
Astrocytes
LPS
lipopolysaccharide
PVN
paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus
medicine.symptom
TLRs
toll-like receptors
business
Neuroscience
Neuroglia
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Astrocyte
Zdroj: Neuroscience
ISSN: 1873-7544
Popis: Graphical abstract
Highlights • Glia direct respond to changes in nutrients and hormones regulating energy balance. • Microglia and astrocytes are implicated in the pathophysiology of obesity and diabetes. • Obesity causes gliosis: reversible changes in glia structure and function. • In metabolic disease inflammation-driven changes in glial likely regulates neurons. • Glial regulation of neural circuits controlling energy balance requires more study.
Chronic low-grade inflammation is a feature of the pathophysiology of obesity and diabetes in the CNS as well as peripheral tissues. Glial cells are critical mediators of the response to inflammation in the brain. Key features of glia include their metabolic flexibility, sensitivity to changes in the CNS microenvironment, and ability to rapidly adapt their function accordingly. They are specialised cells which cooperate to promote and preserve neuronal health, playing important roles in regulating the activity of neuronal networks across the brain during different life stages. Increasing evidence points to a role of glia, most notably astrocytes and microglia, in the systemic regulation of energy and glucose homeostasis in the course of normal physiological control and during disease. Inflammation is an energetically expensive process that requires adaptive changes in cellular metabolism and, in turn, metabolic intermediates can also have immunomodulatory actions. Such “immunometabolic” changes in peripheral immune cells have been implicated in contributing to disease pathology in obesity and diabetes. This review will discuss the evidence for a role of immunometabolic changes in glial cells in the systemic regulation of energy and glucose homeostasis, and how this changes in the context of obesity and diabetes.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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