Does Tobacco Abstinence Decrease Reward Sensitivity? A Human Laboratory Test
Autor: | Peter W. Callas, Stacey C. Sigmon, Sharon R. Muellers, Alan J. Budney, Dustin C. Lee, John R. Hughes, Jeff S. Priest, James R. Fingar |
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Jazyk: | angličtina |
Rok vydání: | 2017 |
Předmět: |
medicine.medical_specialty
media_common.quotation_subject Pleasure Nicotine 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Reward Reward sensitivity Surveys and Questionnaires medicine Humans Psychiatry media_common Original Investigation business.industry Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Anhedonia Tobacco Use Disorder Abstinence medicine.disease Former Smoker 030227 psychiatry Substance Withdrawal Syndrome Laboratory test Nicotine withdrawal Smoking Cessation Self Report medicine.symptom business Psychology 030217 neurology & neurosurgery psychological phenomena and processes Clinical psychology medicine.drug |
DOI: | 10.1101/128744 |
Popis: | IntroductionAnimal studies report abstinence from nicotine makes rewards less rewarding; however, the results of human tests of the effects of cessation on reward sensitivity are mixed. The current study tested reward sensitivity in abstinent smokers using more rigorous methods than most prior studies.MethodsA human laboratory study compared outcomes for 1 week prior to quitting to those during 4 weeks post-quit. The study used smokers trying to quit, objective and subjective measures, multiple measures during smoking and abstinence, and monetary rewards to increase the prevalence of abstinence. Current daily smokers (n = 211) who were trying to quit completed an operant measure of reward sensitivity and a survey of pleasure from various rewards as well as self-reports of anhedonia, delay discounting, positive affect and tobacco withdrawal twice each week. A comparison group of long-term former smokers (n = 67) also completed the tasks weekly for 4 weeks. Primary analyses were based on the 61 current smokers who abstained for all 4 weeks.ResultsStopping smoking decreased self-reported pleasure from rewards but did not decrease reward sensitivity on the operant task. Abstinence also decreased self-reported reward frequency and increased the two anhedonia measures. However, the changes with abstinence were small for all outcomes (6-14%) and most lasted less than a week.ConclusionAbstinence from tobacco decreased most self-report measures of reward sensitivity; however, it did not change the objective measure. The self-report effects were small.ImplicationsAnimal research suggests that nicotine withdrawal decreases reward sensitivity. Replication tests of this in humans have produced inconsistent results.We report what we believe is a more rigorous testWe found smoking abstinence slightly decreases self-reports of reward sensitivity but does not do so for behavioral measures of reward sensitivity |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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