Government Inaction on Ratings and Government Subsidies to the US Film Industry Help Promote Youth Smoking
| Autor: | Jonathan R. Polansky, Stanton A. Glantz, Christopher Millett |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2011 |
| Předmět: |
Tobacco harm reduction
Government Policy Forum Tobacco Control Adolescent WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control Tobacco control lcsh:R Motion Pictures Smoking lcsh:Medicine Advertising Subsidy Federal Government Tobacco Industry General Medicine Youth smoking Tobacco industry United States Environmental health Tobacco in Alabama Medicine Humans Public Health Psychology |
| Zdroj: | PLoS Medicine PLoS Medicine, Vol 8, Iss 8, p e1001077 (2011) |
| ISSN: | 1549-1676 1549-1277 |
| Popis: | Research indicates that exposure to tobacco imagery in movies is a potent cause [1] of youth experimentation and progression to established smoking [2]–[4], with a dose-response relationship that indicates heavily exposed youths are about three times as likely to begin smoking as lightly exposed youths [1]. Links between exposure to tobacco imagery in movies and initiation of smoking among youth have been documented in several countries with distinct cultures, diverse tobacco regulatory regimes (including varying controls on advertising), and different smoking prevalences [5]–[8]. This evidence led the World Health Organization (WHO) to recommend [2] as part of implementing Article 13 of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) [9] that all future movies with scenes of smoking (and other tobacco) be given an adult content rating, with the possible exception of movies that depict the dangers of tobacco use or smoking by an actual historical figure who actually smoked. The primary logic for recommending an adult content rating policy is to create an economic incentive for producers to leave smoking out of movies that are marketed to youths. A 2005 study in the US concluded that the return on investment for youth-rated movies was 70%, compared with 29% for adult content (R-rated) movies [10]. Essentially eliminating smoking and other tobacco imagery from youth-rated films would substantially reduce the total exposure of onscreen smoking images delivered to youth. (In addition, while youth do see some adult-rated films, they are less likely to see them than youth-rated films.) This adult rating recommendation has not yet been widely adopted. Even more problematic, many governments provide generous subsidies to the US film industry to produce youth-rated films that contain smoking and as such indirectly promote youth smoking. This paper describes, firstly, the status of implementing the WHO recommendation on adult content ratings in Great Britain, Canada, and the US. Secondly, it examines how film industry subsidies are administered in these countries, including the magnitude of subsidies for youth-rated films containing smoking, and compares these subsidies with spending on tobacco control programmes. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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