Use of an FPGA to identify electromagnetic clusters and isolated hadrons in the ATLAS level-1 calorimeter trigger
| Autor: | J. Edwards, T. Trefzger, G. Mahout, E. Eisenhandler, K. Penno, S. B. Silverstein, P. Hanke, Murrough Landon, Karl Jakobs, B. Bauss, R.J. Staley, P. M. Watkins, D. Kaiser, C.N.P. Gee, J. Garvey, S. Hellman, E. Moyse, E.-E. Kluge, A.R. Gillman, Juergen Thomas, R. Hatley, V.J.O. Perera, K. Meier, A.O. Davis, K. Mahboubi, I.P. Brawn, K. Schmitt, David Mills, A. Dahlhoff, Stephen Hillier, Christian Bohm, R. Achenbach, Alan Watson, Bruce Barnett, W. Hinderer, O. Nix, P. Apostologlou, U. Schafer |
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| Rok vydání: | 2003 |
| Předmět: |
Physics
Nuclear and High Energy Physics Particle physics Photon Large Hadron Collider Luminosity (scattering theory) Calorimeter (particle physics) Particle detector Particle identification Nuclear physics medicine.anatomical_structure Atlas (anatomy) Cluster (physics) medicine Detectors and Experimental Techniques Instrumentation |
| Zdroj: | Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. 512:506-516 |
| ISSN: | 0168-9002 |
| Popis: | At the full LHC design luminosity of 10 34 cm −2 s −1 , there will be approximately 109 proton–proton interactions per second. The ATLAS level-1 trigger is required to have an acceptance factor of ∼10−3. The calorimeter trigger covers the region |η|⩽5.0, and φ=0 to 2π. The distribution of transverse energy over the trigger phase space is analysed to identify candidates for electrons/photons, isolated hadrons, QCD jets and non-interacting particles. The Cluster Processor of the level-1 calorimeter trigger is designed to identify transverse energy clusters associated with the first two of these. The algorithms based on the trigger tower energies which have been designed to identify such clusters, are described here. The algorithms are evaluated using an FPGA. The reasons for the choice of the actual FPGA being used are given. The performance of the FPGA has been fully simulated, and the expected latency has been shown to be within the limits of the time allocated to the cluster trigger. These results, together with the results of measurements made with real data into a fully configured FPGA, are presented and discussed. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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