Pollution status and human health risk assessments of selected heavy metals in urban dust of 16 cities in Iran

Autor: Ashkan Jahandari
Rok vydání: 2020
Předmět:
Zdroj: Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 27:23094-23107
ISSN: 1614-7499
0944-1344
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08585-8
Popis: Urban dust contamination is becoming progressively noticeable, and heavy metals are primary pollutants in urban environments. The contamination of heavy metals in urban dust has been affecting the urban citizens due to their adverse effects on human health, and understanding their effects is a crucial stage for its management. This study is a review of the reports of heavy metal pollution in urban dust of 16 cities in Iran, aimed at determining pollution status and health risk calculation on the nationwide scale, using geo-accumulation index (Igeo), potential ecological risk index (PER), and health risk assessment model. Six toxic elements, namely cadmium, copper, chromium, nickel, lead, and zinc were evaluated in this study. The results presented that the total heavy metal concentrations in the studied cities decreased in the sequences of Zn > Cu > Pb > Ni > Cr > Cd. The average concentrations of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the studied cities exceeded the Iran Standard Soil limits for residential areas. The mean levels of studied heavy metals for cities was in the order of Kermanshah > Tehran > Tabriz > Rafsanjan > Hamedan > Isfahan > Mashhad > Ahvaz > Abadan > Kerman > Bushehr > Kashan > Shiraz > Zahedan > Masjed-e-Soleiman > Arak. The Results of Igeo revealed that the pollution levels of Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cr, and Zn in the studied cities ranged from unpolluted to moderate pollution categorizations. The mean potential ecological risk factor (Eir) values were below (Eri nickel > cadmium. The CR ranks of chromium, nickel, and cadmium were less than the maximum permissible level, presented an insignificant carcinogenic risk.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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