Imaging Metabolically Active Fat: A Literature Review and Mechanistic Insights

Autor: Joseph Frankl, Amber Sherwood, Orhan K. Öz, Deborah J. Clegg, Philipp E. Scherer
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2019
Předmět:
0301 basic medicine
Pathology
obesity
spect
Adipose tissue
Computed tomography
Review
Acetates
030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging
lcsh:Chemistry
0302 clinical medicine
Adipose Tissue
Brown
Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography
carbon-13
Brown adipose tissue
Medicine
lcsh:QH301-705.5
Spectroscopy
medicine.diagnostic_test
General Medicine
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Computer Science Applications
Molecular Imaging
medicine.anatomical_structure
Positron emission tomography
medicine.medical_specialty
fatty acids
Catalysis
Inorganic Chemistry
pet/ct
03 medical and health sciences
msot
Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
Humans
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Molecular Biology
Tomography
Emission-Computed
Single-Photon
PET-CT
business.industry
Fdg uptake
fdg
Organic Chemistry
Magnetic resonance imaging
brown adipose tissue
030104 developmental biology
lcsh:Biology (General)
lcsh:QD1-999
Positron-Emission Tomography
Molecular imaging
acetate
business
Zdroj: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 20, Iss 21, p 5509 (2019)
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
ISSN: 1422-0067
Popis: Currently, obesity is one of the leading causes death in the world. Shortly before 2000, researchers began describing metabolically active adipose tissue on cancer-surveillance 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in adult humans. This tissue generates heat through mitochondrial uncoupling and functions similar to classical brown and beige adipose tissue in mice. Despite extensive research, human brown/beige fat’s role in resistance to obesity in humans has not yet been fully delineated. FDG uptake is the de facto gold standard imaging technique when studying brown adipose tissue, although it has not been rigorously compared to other techniques. We, therefore, present a concise review of established and emerging methods to image brown adipose tissue activity in humans. Reviewed modalities include anatomic imaging with CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); molecular imaging with FDG, fatty acids, and acetate; and emerging techniques. FDG-PET/CT is the most commonly used modality because of its widespread use in cancer imaging, but there are mechanistic reasons to believe other radiotracers may be more sensitive and accurate at detecting brown adipose tissue activity. Radiation-free modalities may help the longitudinal study of brown adipose tissue activity in the future.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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