Macrophage nuclear receptors: Emerging key players in infectious diseases

Autor: Larry S. Schlesinger, Chrissy M. Leopold Wager, Eusondia Arnett
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2019
Předmět:
Cell signaling
PPAR signaling
Receptors
Cytoplasmic and Nuclear
Review
Signal transduction
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Ligands
Calcitriol receptor
White Blood Cells
Animal Cells
Medicine and Health Sciences
Receptor
lcsh:QH301-705.5
Immune Response
Liver X Receptors
0303 health sciences
030302 biochemistry & molecular biology
Animal Models
humanities
3. Good health
Actinobacteria
Infectious Diseases
Experimental Organism Systems
Viruses
medicine.symptom
Cellular Types
lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy
Immune Cells
Inflammatory Diseases
Immunology
Inflammation
Context (language use)
Mouse Models
Biology
Research and Analysis Methods
Microbiology
Communicable Diseases
03 medical and health sciences
Structure-Activity Relationship
Immune system
Signs and Symptoms
Model Organisms
Diagnostic Medicine
Virology
Sepsis
Genetics
medicine
Animals
Humans
Liver X receptor
Molecular Biology
Transcription factor
030304 developmental biology
Blood Cells
Bacteria
Macrophages
Organisms
Fungi
Biology and Life Sciences
Cell Biology
PPAR gamma
lcsh:Biology (General)
Nuclear receptor
Gene Expression Regulation
Cancer research
Animal Studies
Receptors
Calcitriol
Parasitology
lcsh:RC581-607
human activities
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Transcription Factors
Zdroj: PLoS Pathogens
PLoS Pathogens, Vol 15, Iss 3, p e1007585 (2019)
ISSN: 1553-7374
1553-7366
Popis: Nuclear receptors (NRs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that are expressed in a variety of cells, including macrophages. For decades, NRs have been therapeutic targets because their activity can be pharmacologically modulated by specific ligands and small molecule inhibitors. NRs regulate a variety of processes, including those intersecting metabolic and immune functions, and have been studied in regard to various autoimmune diseases. However, the complex roles of NRs in host response to infection are only recently being investigated. The NRs peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and liver X receptors (LXRs) have been most studied in the context of infectious diseases; however, recent work has also linked xenobiotic pregnane X receptors (PXRs), vitamin D receptor (VDR), REV-ERBα, the nuclear receptor 4A (NR4A) family, farnesoid X receptors (FXRs), and estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) to macrophage responses to pathogens. Pharmacological inhibition or antagonism of certain NRs can greatly influence overall disease outcome, and NRs that are protective against some diseases can lead to susceptibility to others. Targeting NRs as a novel host-directed treatment approach to infectious diseases appears to be a viable option, considering that these transcription factors play a pivotal role in macrophage lipid metabolism, cholesterol efflux, inflammatory responses, apoptosis, and production of antimicrobial byproducts. In the current review, we discuss recent findings concerning the role of NRs in infectious diseases with an emphasis on PPARγ and LXR, the two most studied. We also highlight newer work on the activity of emerging NRs during infection.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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