A global analysis of urban design types and road transport injury: an image processing study
| Autor: | Jasper S. Wijnands, Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen, Robyn Schofield, Christopher N. Morrison, Kerry A. Nice, Mark Stevenson, Jeremy D. Silver, Rohit Hariharan, Jason Thompson, Peter Rayner, Gideon Aschwanden |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Health (social science)
Population Medicine (miscellaneous) Poison control 010501 environmental sciences 01 natural sciences Article 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Cost of Illness Global city Injury prevention Humans 030212 general & internal medicine Built Environment Cities Socioeconomics education lcsh:Environmental sciences Built environment 0105 earth and related environmental sciences lcsh:GE1-350 education.field_of_study business.industry Health Policy Accidents Traffic Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Urban design Human factors and ergonomics Public transport business |
| Zdroj: | Lancet Planet Health The Lancet Planetary Health, Vol 4, Iss 1, Pp e32-e42 (2020) |
| ISSN: | 2542-5196 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/s2542-5196(19)30263-3 |
| Popis: | BACKGROUND: The design of cities has been heavily influenced by the needs of private motor vehicles, resulting in significant population and planetary health challenges. Death and injury due to motor vehicle crashes is now the world’s 5(th) leading cause of mortality and morbidity and motor vehicle-related air pollution accounts for 4.2 million deaths per year. This study highlights the global importance of urban design as a factor through which challenges associated with rapid motorisation and road transport injury may be mitigated. METHODS: Urban characteristics were obtained from sample maps for 1692 cities capturing one third of the world’s population. Applying a combined convolutional neural network and graph-based approach, cities were classified into unique types based on selected urban design characteristics represented in sample maps. Associations between identified city types and the burden of road transport injury were estimated using data from the most recent Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study while controlling for the effect of economic activity. FINDINGS: After screening for outliers, nine city types based on 1632 cities were identified that captured the diversity of global urban design configurations and were associated with differences in road transport injury rates. After controlling for economic activity at the city level, burden of road transport injury was an estimated 2x higher (RR=2.00) for the poorest performing city type as compared to the best performing city type. An estimated total loss of 9.6 million DALYs per year to road transport injury were attributed to suboptimal urban design. In general, city types that emphasised combined dense road networks with smaller blocks and more prevalent railed public transport networks demonstrated the lowest rates of road traffic injury per person. INTERPRETATION: With a 2-fold difference observed in the total estimated burden of road transport injury between the best performing city type and the worst performing city types, this study highlights the important role that urban design can play in creating circumstances for the generation of road traffic injury. More upstream investment in promoting urban design that supports transport mode shift that places people within lower risk transport modes such as rail or safe active transport could deliver consequent reductions in road transport injury. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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