Zinc Nanoparticles Enhance Brain Connectivity in the Canine Olfactory Network: Evidence From an fMRI Study in Unrestrained Awake Dogs
| Autor: | Bhavitha Ramaihgari, Oleg M. Pustovyy, Paul Waggoner, Ronald J. Beyers, Chester Wildey, Edward Morrison, Nouha Salibi, Jeffrey S. Katz, Thomas S. Denney, Vitaly J. Vodyanoy, Gopikrishna Deshpande |
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| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
Olfactory system
lcsh:Veterinary medicine General Veterinary Chemistry fMRI brain connectivity 05 social sciences canine olfactory system Zinc nanoparticles 050105 experimental psychology zinc nanoparticles 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Odor dog Biophysics lcsh:SF600-1100 Veterinary Science 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences psychological phenomena and processes 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Volume concentration Original Research |
| Zdroj: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Vol 5 (2018) |
| ISSN: | 2297-1769 |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fvets.2018.00127 |
| Popis: | Prior functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) studies have indicated increased neural activation when zinc nanoparticles are added to odorants in canines. Here we demonstrate that zinc nanoparticles up-regulate directional brain connectivity in parts of the canine olfactory network. This provides an explanation for previously reported enhancement in the odor detection capability of the dogs in the presence of zinc nanoparticles. In this study, we obtained fMRI data from awake and unrestrained dogs while they were being exposed to odorants with and without zinc nanoparticles, zinc nanoparticles suspended in water vapor, as well as just water vapor alone. We obtained directional connectivity between the brain regions of the olfactory network that were significantly stronger for the condition of odorant + zinc nanoparticles compared to just odorants, water vapor + zinc nanoparticles and water vapor alone. We observed significant strengthening of the paths of the canine olfactory network in the presence of zinc nanoparticles. This result indicates that zinc nanoparticles could potentially be used to increase canine detection capabilities in the environments of very low concentrations of the odorants, which would have otherwise been undetected. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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