Differential activation of RAW 264.7 macrophages by size-segregated crystalline silica
| Autor: | Emanuele Cauda, Claudette M. St. Croix, Luis A. Ortiz, Ming Sun, Jonathan Franks, Linda McWilliams, Michelangelo Di Giuseppe, Steven E. Mischler |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Mitochondrial ROS Alveolar macrophage activation 010501 environmental sciences Toxicology 01 natural sciences law.invention 03 medical and health sciences Ultrafine crystalline silica In vivo Silicosis law Organelle Medicine 0105 earth and related environmental sciences chemistry.chemical_classification Reactive oxygen species Size segregation business.industry Research Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health respiratory system medicine.disease 030104 developmental biology chemistry Occupational aerosols Immunology Biophysics Particle Particle size Electron microscope business Safety Research |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology (London, England) |
| ISSN: | 1745-6673 |
| Popis: | Background Occupational exposure to crystalline silica is a well-established occupational hazard. Once in the lung, crystalline silica particles can result in the activation of alveolar macrophages (AM), potentially leading to silicosis, a fibrotic lung disease. Because the activation of alveolar macrophages is the beginning step in a complicated inflammatory cascade, it is necessary to define the particle characteristics resulting in this activation. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of the size of crystalline silica particles on the activation of macrophages. Methods RAW 264.7 macrophages were exposed to four different sizes of crystalline silica and their activation was measured using electron microscopy, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by mitochondria, and cytokine expression. Results These data identified differences in particle uptake and formation of subcellular organelles based on particle size. In addition, these data show that the smallest particles, with a geometric mean of 0.3 μm, significantly increase the generation of mitochondrial ROS and the expression of cytokines when compared to larger crystalline silica particles, with a geometric mean of 4.1 μm. Conclusion In summary, this study presents novel data showing that crystalline silica particles with a geometric mean of 0.3 μm enhance the activation of AM when compared to larger silica particles usually represented in in vitro and in vivo research. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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