Sex differences in neural mechanisms of social and non-social threat monitoring
| Autor: | Johanna M. Jarcho, Tessa Clarkson, Yvette G. Karvay, Megan Quarmley |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Neurophysiology and neuropsychology
Male Adolescent Cognitive Neuroscience media_common.quotation_subject Hippocampus Error-Related Negativity Electroencephalography Amygdala behavioral disciplines and activities Developmental psychology Error-related negativity Social Threat medicine Humans EEG Sex Differences Anterior cingulate cortex media_common Original Research Brain Mapping Sex Characteristics medicine.diagnostic_test QP351-495 Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Adolescence medicine.anatomical_structure Virtual School Paradigm FMRI Female Psychology Insula Psychosocial Vigilance (psychology) |
| Zdroj: | Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Vol 52, Iss, Pp 101038-(2021) |
| ISSN: | 1878-9307 |
| Popis: | Adolescent males and females differ in their responses to social threat. Yet, threat processing is often probed in non-social contexts using the error-related negativity (ERN; Flanker EEG Task), which does not yield sex-specific outcomes. fMRI studies show inconsistent patterns of sex-specific neural engagement during threat processing. Thus, the relation between threat processing in non-social and social contexts across sexes and the effects perceived level of threat on brain function are unclear. We tested the interactive effect of non-social threat-vigilance (ERN), sex (N = 69; Male=34; 11–14-year-olds), and perceived social threat on brain function while anticipating feedback from ‘unpredictable’, ‘nice’, or ‘mean’ purported peers (fMRI; Virtual School Paradigm). Whole-brain analyses revealed differential engagement of precentral and inferior frontal gyri, putamen, anterior cingulate cortex, and insula. Among males with more threat-vigilant ERNs, greater social threat was associated with increased activation when anticipating unpredictable feedback. Region of interest analyses revealed this same relation in females in the amygdala and anterior hippocampus when anticipating mean feedback. Thus, non-social threat vigilance relates to neural engagement depending on perceived social threat, but peer-based social contexts and brain regions engaged, differ across sexes. This may partially explain divergent psychosocial outcomes in adolescence. Highlights • Responses to social threat differ by sex and likely influence peer victimization. • Threat processing is often probed in nonsocial contexts and is not sex-specific. • Responses to type of social threat differed by sex, but relate to response to non-social threat. • Brain regions engaged during social threat differ by sex. • Perceived social threat relate to in-vivo peer victimization in both sexes. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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