An 11-year Institutional Review of Nipple-Areolar Complex Tattooing for Breast Reconstruction
| Autor: | Ahmed Alsayed, Minh-Doan T Nguyen, Jason M. Weissler, Doga Kuruoglu, Christin A. Harless, Daniel Curiel, Amela Dudakovic |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
medicine.medical_specialty
Tattooing business.industry medicine.drug_class Mammaplasty Antibiotics Breast Neoplasms Breast infections Odds ratio Surgery Risk Factors Nipples Antibiotic therapy Humans Medicine Female Infectious risk Implant Nipple areolar complex skin and connective tissue diseases Breast reconstruction business Retrospective Studies |
| Zdroj: | Annals of Plastic Surgery. 87:e86-e91 |
| ISSN: | 1536-3708 0148-7043 |
| Popis: | Background Nipple-areolar complex (NAC) tattooing remains a simple and safe procedure, which complements breast reconstruction. This study reviews 11 years of NAC tattooing to identify risk factors for tattoo-related complications. Methods Patients undergoing NAC tattooing from January 2009 to March 2020 were reviewed. Patient information, reconstructive, and tattoo procedural details were analyzed. Tattoo-related breast infections, defined as breast redness requiring antibiotic therapy within 30 days after tattoo, were captured. Patients with reactive breast redness during the first 2 postprocedural days were excluded. Results Overall, 539 patients (949 breasts) were included. Implant-based reconstruction (IBR) was performed in 73.6% of breasts (n = 698), whereas 26.4% (n = 251) underwent autologous-based reconstruction (ABR). Acellular-dermal matrix was used in 547 breasts (57.6%). There as a 13.7% (n = 130) of breasts that underwent pretattoo radiation. There was a 65.3% (n = 456) of breasts that underwent subpectoral IBR, whereas 34.7% (n = 242) breasts underwent prepectoral IBR. Tattoo-related infection rate was 2.2% (n = 21 breasts). Mean time to infection was 6.5 ± 5.3 days. There was a 85.7% (n = 18) of infections that occurred in IBR patients, one third occurring in radiated patients. There was a 95.2% (n = 20) of infections that were treated with oral antibiotics only. One explantation was performed after failed intravenous antibiotics. On multivariable analysis, radiation history (odds ratio, 4.1, P = 0.007) and prepectoral IBR (odds ratio, 2.8, P = 0.036) were independent predictors of tattoo-related infection. Among irradiated breasts, breasts with IBR had greater odds of developing tattoo-related infection versus breasts with ABR (P = 0.025). Conclusions Although tattoo-related infections were uncommon, previous radiation and prepectoral IBR were both found to be independent predictors of tattoo-related breast infection. There is a role for preprocedural prophylactic antibiotics in these patients to mitigate infectious risk. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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