Off-Site Flux Estimates of Volatile Organic Compounds from Oil and Gas Production Facilities Using Fast-Response Instrumentation
| Autor: | J. Soltis, R. A. Field, R. Edie, A. Robertson, Shane M. Murphy, Dustin Snare, Matthew Burkhart |
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| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Wyoming
Air Pollutants Volatile Organic Compounds Ozone Air pollutant concentrations business.industry Instrumentation Fossil fuel Flux General Chemistry 010501 environmental sciences 01 natural sciences chemistry.chemical_compound chemistry Hazardous waste Environmental chemistry Environmental Chemistry Environmental science Oil and gas production business 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Environmental Monitoring |
| Zdroj: | Environmental sciencetechnology. 54(3) |
| ISSN: | 1520-5851 |
| Popis: | Flux estimates of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from oil and gas (OG) production facilities are fundamental in understanding hazardous air pollutant concentrations and ozone formation. Previous off-site emission estimates derive fluxes by ratioing VOCs measured in canisters to methane fluxes measured in the field. This study uses the Environmental Protection Agency's Other Test Method 33A (OTM 33A) and a fast-response proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer to make direct measurements of VOC emissions from OG facilities in the Upper Green River Basin, Wyoming. We report the first off-site direct flux estimates of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes from upstream OG production facilities and find that these estimates can vary significantly from flux estimates derived using both the canister ratio technique and from the emission inventory. The 32 OTM 33A flux estimates had arithmetic mean (and 95% CI) as follows: benzene 17.83 (0.22, 98.05) g/h, toluene 34.43 (1.01, 126.76) g/h, C8 aromatics 37.38 (1.06, 225.34) g/h, and methane 2.3 (1.7, 3.1) kg/h. A total of 20% of facilities measured accounted for ∼67% of total BTEX emissions. While this heavy tail is less dramatic than previous observations of methane in other basins, it is more prominent than that predicted by the emission inventory. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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