Toxicity of airborne dust as an indicator of moisture problems in school buildings
| Autor: | Martin Täubel, Bean T. Chen, Anne Hyvärinen, H. K. Leppänen, Maija-Riitta Hirvonen, Jenni Tirkkonen, Matti Peltonen, Kati Huttunen, William G. Lindsley |
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| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
Male
0301 basic medicine Indoor air Health Status Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis education 010501 environmental sciences Nitric Oxide Toxicology 01 natural sciences Mice 03 medical and health sciences School teachers Environmental health Animals Humans Size fractions Medicine Students 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Schools Moisture Interleukin-6 Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha business.industry Dust Humidity RAW 264.7 Cells 030104 developmental biology Air Pollution Indoor Environmental chemistry Toxicity Female Particulate Matter School Teachers Moisture Damage business Metabolic activity Environmental Monitoring Bioaerosol |
| DOI: | 10.6084/m9.figshare.4780336.v1 |
| Popis: | Moisture-damaged indoor environments are thought to increase the toxicity of indoor air particulate matter (PM), indicating that a toxicological assay could be used as a method for recognizing buildings with indoor air problems. We aimed to test if our approach of analyzing the toxicity of actively collected indoor air PM in vitro differentiates moisture-damaged from non-damaged school buildings. We collected active air samples with NIOSH Bioaerosol Cyclone Samplers from moisture-damaged (index) and non-damaged (reference) school buildings (4 + 4). The teachers and pupils of the schools were administered a symptom questionnaire. Five samples of two size fractions [Stage 1 (>1.9 μm) and Stage 2 (1–1.9 μm)] were collected from each school. Mouse RAW264.7 macrophages were exposed to the collected PM for 24 h and subsequently analyzed for changes in cell metabolic activity, production of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6. The teachers working in the moisture-damaged schools reported respiratory symptoms such as cough (p = 0.01) and shortness of breath (p = 0.01) more often than teachers from reference schools. Toxicity of the PM sample as such did not differentiate index from reference building,s but the toxicity adjusted for the amount of the particles tended to be higher in moisture-damaged schools. Further development of the method will require identification of other confounding factors in addition to the necessity to adjust for differences in particle counts between samples. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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