A multidisciplinary review of the policy, intellectual property rights, and international trade environment for access and affordability to essential cancer medications

Autor: Tim K. Mackey, Sangita M. Baxi, Reed F. Beall, Joshua S. Yang
Rok vydání: 2019
Předmět:
Patent status
Inclusion (disability rights)
media_common.quotation_subject
International Cooperation
030231 tropical medicine
Antineoplastic Agents
International trade
Review
Intellectual property
World Health Organization
Essential medicines
Health Services Accessibility
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Neoplasms
Humans
030212 general & internal medicine
Formulary
Social policy
media_common
EML
Cancer
business.industry
lcsh:Public aspects of medicine
Health Policy
Public Health
Environmental and Occupational Health
Health services research
Commerce
lcsh:RA1-1270
Access to medicines
International Agency for Research on Cancer
Model Cancer list
Model list of essential medicines
Global governance
Intellectual Property
Negotiation
Policy
Costs and Cost Analysis
Pharmaceuticals
Business
Drugs
Essential
Zdroj: Globalization and Health
Globalization and Health, Vol 15, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2019)
ISSN: 1744-8603
Popis: In 2015, the World Health Organization (WHO) Expert Committee approved the addition of 16 cancer medicines to the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (EML), bringing the total number of cancer medicines on the list to 46. This change represented the first major revision to the EML oncology section in recent history and reinforces international recognition of the need to ensure access and affordability for cancer treatments. Importantly, many low and middle-income countries rely on the EML, as well as the children’s EML, as a guide to establish national formularies, and moreover use these lists as tools to negotiate medicine pricing. However, EML inclusion is only one component that impacts cancer treatment access. More specifically, factors such as intellectual property rights and international trade agreements can interact with EML inclusion, drug pricing, and accessibility. To better understand this dynamic, we conducted an interdisciplinary review of the patent status of EML cancer medicines compared to other EML noncommunicable disease medicines using the 17th, 18th, 19th, 20th, and 21st editions of the list. We also explored the interaction of intellectual property rights with the international trade regime and how trade agreements can and do impact cancer treatment access and affordability. Based on this analysis, we conclude that patent status is simply one factor in the complex international environment of health systems, IPR policies, and trade regimes and that aligning these oftentimes disparate interests will require shared global governance across the cancer care continuum.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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