Tumor Infiltrating Regulatory T Cells in Sporadic and Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer: The Red Little Riding Hood and the Wolf

Autor: Sara Onali, M.C. Fantini, Agnese Favale, Federica Facciotti
Přispěvatelé: Fantini, M, Favale, A, Onali, S, Facciotti, F
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2020
Předmět:
0301 basic medicine
regulatory T cell
Colorectal cancer
Carcinogenesis
chemical and pharmacologic phenomena
colorectal cancer
Tumor initiation
Review
T-Lymphocytes
Regulatory
Catalysis
regulatory T cells
lcsh:Chemistry
Inorganic Chemistry
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Immune system
Lymphocytes
Tumor-Infiltrating
Antigen
medicine
Tumor Microenvironment
Animals
Humans
colitis-associated colorectal cancer
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
lcsh:QH301-705.5
Molecular Biology
Spectroscopy
Tumor microenvironment
business.industry
Melanoma
Organic Chemistry
Cancer
General Medicine
medicine.disease
Computer Science Applications
030104 developmental biology
lcsh:Biology (General)
lcsh:QD1-999
Tumor progression
inflammation
030220 oncology & carcinogenesis
Cancer research
Colitis-Associated Neoplasms
business
Colorectal Neoplasms
Zdroj: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 21, Iss 6744, p 6744 (2020)
ISSN: 1422-0067
Popis: Regulatory T cells represent a class of specialized T lymphocytes that suppress unwanted immune responses and size the activation of the immune system whereby limiting collateral damages in tissues involved by inflammation. In cancer, the accumulation of Tregs is generally associated with poor prognosis. Many lines of evidence indicate that Tregs accumulation in the tumor microenvironment (TME) suppresses the immune response against tumor-associated antigens (TAA), thus promoting tumor progression in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSLC), breast carcinoma and melanoma. In colorectal cancer (CRC) the effect of Tregs accumulation is debated. Some reports describe the association of high number of Tregs in CRC stroma with a better prognosis while others failed to find any association. These discordant results stem from the heterogeneity of the immune environment generated in CRC in which anticancer immune response may coexists with tumor promoting inflammation. Moreover, different subsets of Tregs have been identified that may exert different effects on cancer progression depending on tumor stage and their location within the tumor mass. Finally, Tregs phenotypic plasticity may be induced by cytokines released in the TME by dysplastic and other tumor-infiltrating cells thus affecting their functional role in the tumor. Here, we reviewed the recent literature about the role of Tregs in CRC and in colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC), where inflammation is the main driver of tumor initiation and progression. We tried to explain when and how Tregs can be considered to be the “good” or the “bad” in the colon carcinogenesis process on the basis of the available data concluding that the final effect of Tregs on sporadic CRC and CAC depends on their localization within the tumor, the subtype of Tregs involved and their phenotypic plasticity.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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