Burden of stigma among tuberculosis patients in a pastoralist community in Kenya: A mixed methods study

Autor: H.D.N. Nyamogoba, Mbuthia G, Silvia S. Chiang, Stephen T. McGarvey
Rok vydání: 2020
Předmět:
Bacterial Diseases
RNA viruses
Male
Rural Population
Emotions
Social Stigma
Psychological intervention
Social Sciences
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Geographical Locations
0302 clinical medicine
Medical Conditions
Sociology
Immunodeficiency Viruses
Surveys and Questionnaires
Medicine and Health Sciences
Psychology
030212 general & internal medicine
Human Families
Multidisciplinary
HIV diagnosis and management
Fear
Qualitative Studies
Middle Aged
Infectious Diseases
Medical Microbiology
Research Design
Viral Pathogens
Viruses
Marital status
Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Management
Medicine
Female
Pathogens
Research Article
Adult
medicine.medical_specialty
Tuberculosis
Adolescent
Science
030231 tropical medicine
Stigma (botany)
Research and Analysis Methods
Microbiology
03 medical and health sciences
Social support
Young Adult
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Diagnostic Medicine
Retroviruses
medicine
Humans
Microbial Pathogens
Aged
business.industry
Lentivirus
Organisms
Biology and Life Sciences
HIV
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
medicine.disease
Tropical Diseases
Focus group
Kenya
United States
Family medicine
People and Places
Africa
business
Qualitative research
Zdroj: PLoS ONE, Vol 15, Iss 10, p e0240457 (2020)
PLoS ONE
DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-24182/v1
Popis: BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) stigma remains a barrier to early diagnosis and treatment completion. Increased understanding of stigma is necessary for improved interventions to minimise TB stigma and its effects. The purpose of this study is to quantitatively measure TB stigma and to explore qualitatively its manifestation among TB patients in a rural Kenyan community.MethodsThis hospital based study using explanatory sequential mixed methods approach was conducted in 2016. In the quantitative part of the study, a questionnaire containing socio-demographic characteristics and scales measuring perceived TB stigma and experienced TB stigma, was administered to 208 adult pulmonary TB patients receiving treatment in West Pokot County. Respondents with high stigma were purposively selected to take part in in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The qualitative data were collected through 15 in-depth interviews and 6 focus group discussions with TB patients. Descriptive and bivariate analysis was done for the quantitative data while the thematic analysis was done for qualitative data.ResultsThe internal consistency reliability coefficients were satisfactory with Cronbach alphas of 0.87 and 0.86 for the 11-item and 12-item stigma measurement scale. The investigation revealed that TB stigma was high. The key drivers of TB stigma were the association of TB with HIV/AIDS and the fear of TB transmission. TB stigma was exemplified through patients being isolated by others, self-isolation, fear to disclose TB diagnosis, association of TB with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and lack of social support. Being a woman was significantly associated with high levels of both experienced stigma (p = 0.007) and perceived stigma (p = 0.005) while age, marital status, occupation and the patient's religion were not.ConclusionThere is a need to implement stigma reduction interventions in order to improve TB program outcomes.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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