Post-transcriptional regulation of satellite cell quiescence by TTP-mediated mRNA decay
| Autor: | Sandra L. Clement, Monica N. Hall, Jason D Doles, Adam B. Cadwallader, Bradley B. Olwin, Perry J Blackshear, Melissa Hausburg, Jens Lykke-Andersen |
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| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Cellular differentiation RNA Stability Tristetraprolin Post-Transcriptional MyoD Inbred C57BL p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases Transgenic Mice Untranslated Regions homeostasis Transcriptional regulation Biology (General) RNA Processing Post-Transcriptional RNA Small Interfering 3' Untranslated Regions General Neuroscience Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins Cell Differentiation General Medicine Skeletal Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases Cell biology Satellite Cells niche Medicine Muscle Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human Female Cell activation Research Article Signal Transduction Protein Binding RNA Processing Satellite Cells Skeletal Muscle Skeletal Muscle QH301-705.5 Science 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning Molecular Sequence Data Mice Transgenic Biology Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases Small Interfering General Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology developmental biology MyoD Protein Cell quiescence stem cells Genetics Animals Regeneration quiescence skeletal muscle Muscle Skeletal mouse Cell Proliferation Binding Sites General Immunology and Microbiology Base Sequence Cell growth Stem Cell Research Molecular biology stem cell Mice Inbred C57BL Developmental Biology and Stem Cells Musculoskeletal RNA Biochemistry and Cell Biology |
| Zdroj: | eLife, vol 4, iss 4 eLife eLife, Vol 4 (2015) |
| Popis: | Skeletal muscle satellite cells in their niche are quiescent and upon muscle injury, exit quiescence, proliferate to repair muscle tissue, and self-renew to replenish the satellite cell population. To understand the mechanisms involved in maintaining satellite cell quiescence, we identified gene transcripts that were differentially expressed during satellite cell activation following muscle injury. Transcripts encoding RNA binding proteins were among the most significantly changed and included the mRNA decay factor Tristetraprolin. Tristetraprolin promotes the decay of MyoD mRNA, which encodes a transcriptional regulator of myogenic commitment, via binding to the MyoD mRNA 3′ untranslated region. Upon satellite cell activation, p38α/β MAPK phosphorylates MAPKAP2 and inactivates Tristetraprolin, stabilizing MyoD mRNA. Satellite cell specific knockdown of Tristetraprolin precociously activates satellite cells in vivo, enabling MyoD accumulation, differentiation and cell fusion into myofibers. Regulation of mRNAs by Tristetraprolin appears to function as one of several critical post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms controlling satellite cell homeostasis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03390.001 eLife digest When muscles are damaged, they can repair themselves to some extent by making new muscle cells. These develop from groups of cells called satellite cells, which are found near the surface of muscle fibers. Once the muscle is injured, the satellite cells are activated and can divide to form two cells with different properties. One remains a satellite cell, while the other forms a ‘myoblast’ that eventually fuses into a mature muscle fiber. Under normal conditions the satellite cells remain in a dormant state and do not divide, but it is not clear how they maintain this dormant state. To create a protein, the gene that encodes it is first ‘transcribed’ to produce a molecule called mRNA, which is then used as a template to build the protein. A protein called Tristetraprolin (TTP) can bind to mRNA molecules and cause them to break down or decay, and so TTP can prevent the mRNA from being used to make a protein. Hausburg, Doles et al. analyzed satellite cells from uninjured muscle and compared them with those from injured tissue. This revealed that when injured, the satellite cells reduced the abundance of several mRNAs, including TTP. Further investigation found that in satellite cells from uninjured tissue, TTP causes the decay of mRNA molecules that are used to produce a protein called MyoD. As MyoD helps the satellite cells to specialize, this decay therefore prevents the formation of myoblasts and keeps the satellite cells in a dormant state. In contrast, damage to the muscle tissue activates a signaling pathway that ultimately inactivates TTP. This enables more of the MyoD protein to be made and the myoblast population to expand. When Hausburg, Doles et al. experimentally reduced the levels of TTP inside satellite cells, the cells developed into myoblasts even when the tissue was uninjured. Thus, TTP is an important regulator that allows satellite cells to remain in a dormant state. In dormant adult stem cells, regulation of protein availability by RNA binding proteins, such as TTP, may co-ordinate rapid changes in metabolic state to promptly repair injured tissue. A major challenge will be to identify the group of proteins involved and determine the precise mechanisms involved in regulating their availability. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03390.002 |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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