Roles of microRNAs in Regulating Cancer Stemness in Head and Neck Cancers
Autor: | Tsai Tsen Liao, Wei Lun Hwang, Pak Yue Chan, Melysa Fitriana, Tai Yuan Hsueh |
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Rok vydání: | 2021 |
Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Cancer Research cancer stem cell Population Review head and neck squamous cell carcinoma lcsh:RC254-282 Metastasis 03 medical and health sciences stemness 0302 clinical medicine Cancer stem cell medicine education education.field_of_study Tumor microenvironment microRNA business.industry Wnt signaling pathway Cancer lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens medicine.disease Head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma 030104 developmental biology Oncology 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis Cancer cell Cancer research business |
Zdroj: | Cancers Cancers, Vol 13, Iss 1742, p 1742 (2021) |
ISSN: | 2072-6694 |
Popis: | Simple Summary Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are highly heterogeneous human malignancies associated with genetic and environmental factors. In HNSCCs, cancer stem cells (CSCs) provide the plasticity for cancer cell progression, metastasis, therapeutic resistance, and recurrence. During carcinogenesis, microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in regulating the maintenance and acquisition of cancer stem cell features. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the roles of miRNAs in regulating the cancer stemness of HNSCCs to provide potential therapeutic applications. Abstract Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are epithelial malignancies with 5-year overall survival rates of approximately 40–50%. Emerging evidence indicates that a small population of cells in HNSCC patients, named cancer stem cells (CSCs), play vital roles in the processes of tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, immune evasion, chemo-/radioresistance, and recurrence. The acquisition of stem-like properties of cancer cells further provides cellular plasticity for stress adaptation and contributes to therapeutic resistance, resulting in a worse clinical outcome. Thus, targeting cancer stemness is fundamental for cancer treatment. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to regulate stem cell features in the development and tissue regeneration through a miRNA–target interactive network. In HNSCCs, miRNAs act as tumor suppressors and/or oncogenes to modulate cancer stemness and therapeutic efficacy by regulating the CSC-specific tumor microenvironment (TME) and signaling pathways, such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) signaling pathways. Owing to a deeper understanding of disease-relevant miRNAs and advances in in vivo delivery systems, the administration of miRNA-based therapeutics is feasible and safe in humans, with encouraging efficacy results in early-phase clinical trials. In this review, we summarize the present findings to better understand the mechanical actions of miRNAs in maintaining CSCs and acquiring the stem-like features of cancer cells during HNSCC pathogenesis. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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