Preliminary data on hard metal workers exposure to tungsten oxide fibres
| Autor: | Wubeshet Sahle, Ildiko Laszlo, Bengt Christensson, Staffan Krantz |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 1996 |
| Předmět: |
Lung Diseases
Environmental Engineering Materials science Oxide chemistry.chemical_element Air Pollutants Occupational Raw material Tungsten law.invention Metal chemistry.chemical_compound law Occupational Exposure Humans Industry Environmental Chemistry Calcination Waste Management and Disposal Hard metal Metallurgy Dust Tungsten Compounds equipment and supplies Pollution Tungsten trioxide Occupational Diseases Microscopy Electron chemistry Metals Transmission electron microscopy visual_art visual_art.visual_art_medium |
| Zdroj: | Science of The Total Environment. 191:153-167 |
| ISSN: | 0048-9697 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/0048-9697(96)05256-4 |
| Popis: | The first personal exposure data for tungsten oxide fibres, in two hard metal manufacturing industries is presented. Occupational exposure was studied by static and personal measurements during tungsten metal production. Three different initial materials were used, ammonium-paratungstate (APT), blue oxide and tungsten trioxide. In both factories, airborne tungsten oxide fibres were detected both in static and personal samples. Fibre exposure varies for different activities. Charging of raw material, changing the hammer, cleaning-work on the cyclone and the micro-filter were found to be among the most high dusty operations. However, as workers use respirators during cleaning operations, these filters could not be related to personal exposure. The calcination of APT to the blue oxide generates fibrous dust. The raw material imported as blue oxide is also fibrous material and both charging it into the calcination furnace and re-charging it into the reduction furnace generates unnecessarily additional dusty periods. A single reduction-stage is, therefore, preferable. Furthermore, the tungsten trioxide raw material is non-fibrous, therefore, calcination of APT to tungsten trioxide and its reduction to tungsten metal is preferable with respect to minimising workers exposure to tungsten oxide fibres. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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