Urban–Rural Differences in the Epidemiology of Asthma and Allergies in Nigeria: A Population-Based Study
| Autor: | Micheal S Oguntoye, Adekunle Olatayo Adeoti, Matthew O Bojuwoye, O B Ojuawo, Oluwafemi J Afolayan, Adeniyi Olatunji Aladesanmi, A E Fawibe, Olufemi Olumuyiwa Desalu |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
medicine.medical_specialty Allergy business.industry rural areas asthma epidemiology Nigeria urbanization medicine.disease allergy Population based study Environmental health Epidemiology medicine Journal of Asthma and Allergy Immunology and Allergy business Asthma Original Research |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Asthma and Allergy |
| ISSN: | 1178-6965 |
| Popis: | Olufemi O Desalu,1 Adekunle O Adeoti,2 Olutobi B Ojuawo,1 Adeniyi O Aladesanmi,1 Micheal S Oguntoye,3 Oluwafemi J Afolayan,4 Matthew O Bojuwoye,1 Ademola E Fawibe1 1Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria; 2Department of Medicine, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; 3Department of Epidemiology, Kwara State Ministry of Health, Ilorin, Nigeria; 4Department of Medicine, Goulburn Valley Health, Shepparton, VIC, AustraliaCorrespondence: Olufemi O DesaluDepartment of Medicine, University of Ilorin/University of Ilorin, Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, NigeriaEmail femuy1967@yahoo.co.ukPurpose: Urbanization is associated with the risk of developing allergic conditions. Few studies have evaluated the urbanârural disparity of allergic diseases in sub-Saharan Africa.Objective: To compare the epidemiology of adult asthma and allergies in urban and rural Nigeria.Subjects and Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was performed among 910 subjects in Kwara State, North Central Nigeria, comprising 635 urban and 275 rural adults who were randomly selected. We used standardized questionnaires for data collection.Results: The age-adjusted prevalence of adults reporting a previous âasthma attackâ or âcurrently taking asthma medicationâ within the preceding 12 months (ECRHS asthma definition) was 3.4% urban, 0.5% rural, current allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (26.2% urban, 22.2% rural), and current skin allergy (13.9% urban, 10.5% rural). The age-adjusted prevalence of âphysician-diagnosed allergic conditionsâ: asthma (3.3% urban, 1.5% rural), allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (4.9% urban, 3.2% rural), and skin allergy (4.8% urban, 4.6% rural) were higher in urban areas than in rural areas. Urban areas recorded a higher age-adjusted 12 months prevalence of wheezing, night waking by breathlessness, night waking by chest tightness, asthma attack (p=0.042), and current use of asthma medication (p=0.031) than the rural areas. In the urban areas, 81% of those with asthma significantly had current allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and 40.5% had current skin allergy, whereas in the rural areas, all subjects with asthma had current allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and 12.5% had current skin allergy (p=0.482). The most common trigger for asthma attack/respiratory symptoms among the urban household was exposure to environmental smoke (17.2%), and among the rural household, it was dust exposure (18.2%). Living in urban areas significantly increased the odds of having asthma [aOR: 5.6 (95% CI:1.6â 19.6)] and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis [aOR: 1.7 (95% CI: 1.2â 2.4)].Conclusion: This study shows that urban residents frequently reported more allergic and respiratory symptoms and were at risk of having asthma and allergic rhinitis compared to rural residents. The findings would assist the physicians in understanding the urbanârural differences in the occurrence of allergic conditions, symptom triggers, and comorbidity, which are relevant in patientâs clinical evaluation, treatment, and disease prevention.Keywords: urbanization, rural areas, asthma epidemiology, allergy, Nigeria |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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