The Bone Response to Non-Weight-Bearing Exercise Is Sport-, Site-, and Sex-Specific
| Autor: | Labros S. Sidossis, Silia Sidossi, Faidon Magkos, Mary Yannakoulia, Stavros A. Kavouras, Melina Karipidou |
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| Rok vydání: | 2007 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male medicine.medical_specialty Adolescent Cross-sectional study sports Physical Therapy Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation Water polo Upper Extremity Absorptiometry Photon Sex Factors Bone Density Humans Medicine Orthopedics and Sports Medicine sports.sports_position Swimming Bone mineral Analysis of Variance biology business.industry Athletes Aquatic exercise Case-control study biology.organism_classification Adaptation Physiological Trunk Cross-Sectional Studies Lower Extremity Case-Control Studies Physical therapy Female Analysis of variance business |
| Zdroj: | Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine. 17:123-128 |
| ISSN: | 1050-642X |
| Popis: | OBJECTIVE To examine whether skeletal adaptations to chronic non-weight-bearing exercise depend on the type of aquatic exercise (swimming or water polo) as well as on sex (men or women). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This was a cross-sectional study at the Laboratory of Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece. A total of 43 water polo players, 26 swimmers, and 30 sedentary individuals, aged 17 to 34 years, were recruited (52 men, 47 women). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Bone mineral content (BMC) and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) of the total body and of various subregions. RESULTS : Compared with controls, swimmers had lower leg and total aBMD (P < 0.05), whereas water polo players had lower leg but higher arm and trunk aBMD (all P < 0.05). Swimmers and water polo athletes differed at the arms (men only), trunk, and total body (all higher in water polo players, at P < 0.05). Bone adaptations to water polo playing were unaffected by sex. Female swimmers, but not male swimmers, had 13% higher arm BMC than controls (P < 0.05), whereas male swimmers, but not female swimmers, had 12% lower leg BMC than controls (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Athletes participating in long-term water polo playing and swimming have substantially different total and regional aBMD. The effect is not mediated by sex in water polo players; however, sex may mediate the differences between swimmers and controls. Whether the observed differences between athlete groups and sexes arise from different bone adaptations to activity or from other factors cannot be answered by the current data. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Water polo playing may be preferable over swimming for maintaining bone health; both types of aquatic exercise at the elite level of participation, however, have unfavorable effects on the lower limb bones. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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