7000-year human legacy of elevation-dependent European fire regimes

Autor: Tim Brücher, Damien Rius, Thomas Hickler, Elise Doyen, Bérangère Leys, Boris Vannière, Jörgen Olofsson, Daniele Colombaroli, Angelica Feurdean, Charly Massa, Olivier Blarquez, Petra Kaltenrieder, Carsten Lemmen, Simon Connor
Přispěvatelé: Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Centre de Bio-Archéologie et d'Ecologie ( CBAE ), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques ( UM2 ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Paleoecology, University of Bern, Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystems Analysis [Lund], Lund University [Lund], ICG-1, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science [Lund], Centre for Materials and Coastal Research [Geesthacht], Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (GKSS)
Rok vydání: 2016
Předmět:
010506 paleontology
Archeology
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences
[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes
Land management
Climate change
01 natural sciences
[ SDE ] Environmental Sciences
[ SDU.ENVI ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces
environment
[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces
environment
Charcoal
ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Ecology
Evolution
Behavior and Systematics
Holocene
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Global and Planetary Change
Biomass (ecology)
Land use
Fire regime
Geology
Vegetation
15. Life on land
[ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes
[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]
13. Climate action
visual_art
Climatology
[SDE]Environmental Sciences
visual_art.visual_art_medium
Environmental science
[ SDU ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Zdroj: Quaternary Science Reviews
Quaternary Science Reviews, Elsevier, 2016, 132, pp.206-212. 〈10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.11.012〉
Quaternary Science Reviews, Elsevier, 2016, 132, pp.206-212. ⟨10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.11.012⟩
ISSN: 0277-3791
Popis: Highlights: • 18 southern European charcoal records document 16,000 years of fire regime changes. • Since the Neolithic, land uses have artificially maintained high fire frequencies. • Human-induced decreases in forest cover led to a reduction in the biomass burned. • Human-modified landscapes affected ecological processes more meaningly than expected. Abstract: Variability in fire regime at the continental scale has primarily been attributed to climate change, often overshadowing the widely potential impact of human activities. However, human ignition modifies the rhythm of fire episodes occurrence (fire frequency), whereas land use alters vegetation composition and fuel load, and thus the amount of biomass burned. It is unclear, however, whether and how humans have exercised a significant influence over fire regimes at continental and millennial scales. Based on sedimentary charcoal records, we use new alternative estimate of fire frequency and biomass burned for the last 16000 years (here after 16 ky) that we evaluate with outputs from climate, vegetation, land use and population models. We find that pronounced regional-scale land use changes in southern Europe at the beginning of the Neolithic (8–6 ky), during the Bronze Age (5–4 ky) and the medieval period (1 ky) caused a doubling of fire frequency compared to the Holocene average (the last 11.5 ky). Despite anthropogenic influences, southern European biomass burned decreased from 7 ky, which is in line both with changes in orbital parameters leading climate cooling and also reductions in biomass availability because of land use. Our study underscores the role of elevation-dependent parameters, and particularly biomass and land management, as major drivers of fire regime variability. Results attest a determinant anthropogenic driving-force on fire regime and a decrease in fire-carbon emissions since 7 ky in Southern Europe.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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