Food groups and intermediate disease markers: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized trials
Autor: | Lukas Schwingshackl, Khalid Iqbal, Heiner Boeing, Georg F. Hoffmann, Carolina Schwedhelm |
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Jazyk: | angličtina |
Rok vydání: | 2018 |
Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
medicine.medical_specialty Meat Dietary Sugars Medicine (miscellaneous) law.invention Beverages Food group 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound intervention trials Randomized controlled trial law Internal medicine Animals Humans Nuts Medicine Refined grains network meta-analysis Triglycerides Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Glycated Hemoglobin Whole Grains 030109 nutrition & dietetics Nutrition and Dietetics intermediate disease markers business.industry Cholesterol Cholesterol HDL Fishes food and beverages evidence synthesis Fabaceae Cholesterol LDL Diet Original Research Communications chemistry Food Fruit Meta-analysis Chronic Disease Red meat Observational study food groups Glycated hemoglobin business Biomarkers |
Zdroj: | The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition |
ISSN: | 1938-3207 0002-9165 |
Popis: | Background In previous meta-analyses of prospective observational studies, we investigated the association between food groups and risk of chronic disease. Objective The aim of the present network meta-analysis (NMA) was to assess the effects of these food groups on intermediate-disease markers across randomized intervention trials. Design Literature searches were performed until January 2018. The following inclusion criteria were defined a priori: 1) randomized trial (≥4 wk duration) comparing ≥2 of the following food groups: refined grains, whole grains, nuts, legumes, fruits and vegetables, eggs, dairy, fish, red meat, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs); 2) LDL cholesterol and triacylglycerol (TG) were defined as primary outcomes; total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and C-reactive protein were defined as secondary outcomes. For each outcome, a random NMA was performed, and for the ranking, the surface under the cumulative ranking curves (SUCRA) was determined. Results A total of 66 randomized trials (86 reports) comparing 10 food groups and enrolling 3595 participants was identified. Nuts were ranked as the best food group at reducing LDL cholesterol (SUCRA: 93%), followed by legumes (85%) and whole grains (70%). For reducing TG, fish (97%) was ranked best, followed by nuts (78%) and red meat (72%). However, these findings are limited by the low quality of the evidence. When combining all 10 outcomes, the highest SUCRA values were found for nuts (66%), legumes (62%), and whole grains (62%), whereas SSBs performed worst (29%). Conclusion The present NMA provides evidence that increased intake of nuts, legumes, and whole grains is more effective at improving metabolic health than other food groups. For the credibility of diet-disease relations, high-quality randomized trials focusing on well-established intermediate-disease markers could play an important role. This systematic review was registered at PROSPERO (www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO) as CRD42018086753. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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