Parechinus angulosus

Autor: Filander, Zoleka, Griffiths, Charles
Rok vydání: 2017
Předmět:
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6022737
Popis: Parechinus angulosus (Leske, 1778) Fig. 45 A–C. Echinus angulosus: A. Agassiz, 1881: 115; A. Agassiz, 1872 –1874: 22, 489. Pl. VII, Fig. 3 a; Bell, 1904: 169 –170. Echinus juv: Bell, 1904: 171. Protocentrotus angulosus: Döderlein, 1906: 204 –207. Pl. XXVII, Figs 6–8. Pl. XXXV, Fig. 16. Pl. XLVII, Fig. 6; Döderlein, 1910: 247, 258. Protocentrotus annulatus: Döderlein, 1910: 248. Parechinus angulosus var. pallidus: H.L. Clark, 1924: 9. Parechinus angulosus: H.L. Clark, 1923: 385 –386; H.L. Clark, 1925a: 117; Mortensen, 1943: 148 –156. Pl. XVIII, Figs 8–19, 22. Pl. LVIII, Figs 20–21, 26–32; Clark & Courtman-Stock, 1976: 237; Branch et al., 2010: 234, Fig. 105.6; Schultz, 2010: 196, Figs 364–369. Material examined. MBC-A077856; A23713; SAMC-A23419; MBC-A077843; MBC-A077862; MBC- A077865; MBC-A077854; MBC-A077861; MBC-A077845; MBC-A077866; MBC-A077875; MBC-A077868; MBC-A077852; MBC-A077851; MBC-A077858; MBC-A077857; A47969; MBC-A077996; MBC-A077863; MBC-A077853; MBC-A077864; MBC-A 022222; MBC-A 022223; MBC-A 022224; MBC-A 022225; MBC- A 022226; MBC-A 022227; MBC-A 022228; MBC-A 022257; MBC-A 022297; MBC-A 022676; MBC-A 023070; MBC-A023315; MBC-A027729; MBC-A027730; MBC-A027731; MBC-A027732; MBC-A027733; MBC- A027954; MBC-A027965; MBC-A027966; MBC-A077859; MBC-A077860; MBC-A077855; MBC-A077855; MBC-A077869; MBC-A077825; MBC-A077824; MBC-A077867; MBC-A077873; MBC-A077844; MBC- A077842; A23069; MBC-A077846; MBC-A077847; MBC-A077848; MBC-A077849; MBC-A077850; SAMC- 9/4; MBC-A077870; MBC-A077871; MBC-A077872; A 28052; A22964; MBC-A077874; A23079; A22737; A22736; A22735; A22750; A27728. Identification. Moderately sized test, round to pentagonal outline. Primary spines slender, not longer than 13 mm; littoral species having more robust, short spines. Tube feet thick, long, densely arranged. Spines vary greatly in color, from green, dark purple with violet to intense red with white tips, occasionally uniformly red or white; test uniformly green, with brownish median zones. Global maximum size. Maximum test diameter 60 mm. Global distribution. Angola round the Cape, northward to Mozambique, in littoral zones to 180 m depth (Döderlein 1910; Schultz 2010). Remarks. Common throughout the South African coastline and the dominant coastal echinoid in most areas. Extraordinary variety of color-morph is displayed within this species, some specimens are of uniform color and others have white-tipped spines (Mortensen 1943; Schultz 2010). Variation in adult and juvenile forms also reported, with juveniles having banded spines and a conspicuous suranal plate (Schultz 2010).
Published as part of Filander, Zoleka & Griffiths, Charles, 2017, Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa, pp. 1-72 in Zootaxa 4296 (1) on pages 42-43, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4296.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/843325
{"references":["Leske, N. G. (1778) Jacobi Theodori Klein naturalis disposition echinodermatum..., edita et Identificationibus novisque inventis et synonomis auctorem aucta. Addimenta ad I. T. Klein naturalem dispositionem Echinodermatum. G. E. Beer, Leipzig, 278 pp.","Agassiz, A. (1881) Report on the Echinoidea dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. In: Report of the scientific results of the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76: a summary of the scientific results, Zoology, 3, 1 - 321.","Agassiz, A. (1872) Revision of the Echini. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 3, 1 - 378.","Bell, F. J. (1904) The Echinodermata found off the coast of South Africa. I. Echinoidea. Marine Investigations in South Africa, 3, 167 - 175.","Doderlein, L. (1906) Die Echinoiden der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee- Expedition, 5, 61 - 290.","Doderlein, L. (1910) Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea. In: Schultze, L. (Ed.), Zoologische und Anthropologische Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise im westlichen und zentralen Sudafrika ausgefuhrt 1903 - 1905 (Jenaer Denkschrift 16), 4 (1), pp. 246 - 258.","Clark, H. L. (1924) Echinoderms from the South African Fisheries and Marine Biology Survey. Part I. Sea-Urchins (Echinoidea). Report, Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Union of South Africa, 4 (1), 1 - 33.","Clark, H. L. (1923) The echinoderm fauna of South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 13 (7), 221 - 435.","Clark, H. L. (1925 a) A Catalogue of the Recent Sea-urchins (Echinoidea) in the Collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Trustees of the British Museum, London, 250 pp.","Mortensen, T. (1943 a). A Monograph of the Echinoidea. III. 2. Camarodonta. I. Orthopsidae, Glyphocyphidae, Temnopleuridae and Toxopneustidae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 553 pp.","Clark, A. & Courtman-Stock, J. (1976) The Echinoderms of Southern Africa. Publication no. 766. British Museum of Natural History, London, 277 pp.","Branch, G. M., Griffiths, C. L., Branch, M. L. & Beckley, L. (2010) Two Oceans: a Guide to the Marine Life of southern Africa. Struik Nature, Cape Town, 456 pp.","Schultz, H. (2010) Sea-Urchins, a Guide to Worldwide Shallow Water Species. 3 rd Edition. Scientific Publication, Hemdingen, 484 pp."]}
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