An Integrated—Omics/Chemistry Approach Unravels Enzymatic and Spontaneous Steps to Form Flavoalkaloidal Nudicaulin Pigments in Flowers of Papaver nudicaule L

Autor: Steffi Gebauer-Jung, Aleš Svatoš, Riya Christina Menezes, Christian Paetz, Yvonne Hupfer, Natalie Wielsch, Bettina Dudek, Anne-Christin Warskulat, Bernd Schneider, Heiko Vogel
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
0106 biological sciences
0301 basic medicine
Proteome
01 natural sciences
Pelargonidin
chemistry.chemical_compound
transcriptomics
Papaveraceae
Papaver nudicaule
Biology (General)
Spectroscopy
Plant Proteins
biology
free indole
General Medicine
metabolomics
Computer Science Applications
flower pigments
Chemistry
Biochemistry
Metabolome
QH301-705.5
Flowers
Catalysis
Article
nudicaulin biosynthesis
Inorganic Chemistry
03 medical and health sciences
Metabolomics
proteomics
indole alkaloids
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Molecular Biology
QD1-999
Indole test
Flavonoids
pelargonidin glycosides
indole-3-glycerol-phosphate lyase
Organic Chemistry
fungi
Tryptophan
Pigments
Biological
biology.organism_classification
030104 developmental biology
Flavonoid biosynthesis
chemistry
Petal
Transcriptome
010606 plant biology & botany
Zdroj: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 4129, p 4129 (2021)
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Volume 22
Issue 8
ISSN: 1661-6596
1422-0067
Popis: Flower colour is an important trait for plants to attract pollinators and ensure their reproductive success. Among yellow flower pigments, the nudicaulins in Papaver nudicaule L. (Iceland poppy) are unique due to their rarity and unparalleled flavoalkaloid structure. Nudicaulins are derived from pelargonidin glycoside and indole, products of the flavonoid and indole/tryptophan biosynthetic pathway, respectively. To gain insight into the molecular and chemical basis of nudicaulin biosynthesis, we combined transcriptome, differential gel electrophoresis (DIGE)-based proteome, and ultra-performance liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS)-based metabolome data of P. nudicaule petals with chemical investigations. We identified candidate genes and proteins for all biosynthetic steps as well as some key metabolites across five stages of petal development. Candidate genes of amino acid biosynthesis showed a relatively stable expression throughout petal development, whereas most candidate genes of flavonoid biosynthesis showed increasing expression during development followed by downregulation in the final stage. Notably, gene candidates of indole-3-glycerol-phosphate lyase (IGL), sharing characteristic sequence motifs with known plant IGL genes, were co-expressed with flavonoid biosynthesis genes, and are probably providing free indole. The fusion of indole with pelargonidin glycosides was retraced synthetically and promoted by high precursor concentrations, an excess of indole, and a specific glycosylation pattern of pelargonidin. Thus, nudicaulin biosynthesis combines the enzymatic steps of two different pathways with a spontaneous fusion of indole and pelargonidin glycoside under precisely tuned reaction conditions.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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