Moss Chloroplasts Are Surrounded by a Peptidoglycan Wall Containing D-Amino Acids
| Autor: | Yasuhiro Shimizu, Koji Tanidokoro, Takayuki Hirano, Susumu Takio, Hayato Ishikawa, Toshihisa Ohshima, Hiroyoshi Takano, Momo Sato, Yutaka Kawarabayasi, Katsuaki Takechi, Shinji Tadano |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
0301 basic medicine Chloroplasts Mutant Bryophyta Peptidoglycan Plant Science Breakthrough Report Biology Physcomitrella patens 01 natural sciences Bacterial cell structure 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound otorhinolaryngologic diseases Arabidopsis thaliana Plastid chemistry.chemical_classification food and beverages Cell Biology biology.organism_classification Bryopsida Amino acid Chloroplast 030104 developmental biology Biochemistry chemistry 010606 plant biology & botany |
| Zdroj: | The Plant Cell. 28:1521-1532 |
| ISSN: | 1532-298X 1040-4651 |
| DOI: | 10.1105/tpc.16.00104 |
| Popis: | It is believed that the plastids in green plants lost peptidoglycan (i.e., a bacterial cell wall-containing d-amino acids) during their evolution from an endosymbiotic cyanobacterium. Although wall-like structures could not be detected in the plastids of green plants, the moss Physcomitrella patens has the genes required to generate peptidoglycan (Mur genes), and knocking out these genes causes defects in chloroplast division. Here, we generated P. patens knockout lines (∆Pp-ddl) for a homolog of the bacterial peptidoglycan-synthetic gene encoding d-Ala:d-Ala ligase. ∆Pp-ddl had a macrochloroplast phenotype, similar to other Mur knockout lines. The addition of d-Ala-d-Ala (DA-DA) to the medium suppressed the appearance of giant chloroplasts in ∆Pp-ddl, but the addition of l-Ala-l-Ala (LA-LA), DA-LA, LA-DA, or d-Ala did not. Recently, a metabolic method for labeling bacterial peptidoglycan was established using ethynyl-DA-DA (EDA-DA) and click chemistry to attach an azide-modified fluorophore to the ethynyl group. The ∆Pp-ddl line complemented with EDA-DA showed that moss chloroplasts are completely surrounded by peptidoglycan. Our findings strongly suggest that the moss plastids have a peptidoglycan wall containing d-amino acids. By contrast, no plastid phenotypes were observed in the T-DNA tagged ddl mutant lines of Arabidopsis thaliana. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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