Applicability of the direct injection liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric analytical approach to the sub-ng L-1 determination of perfluoro-alkyl acids in waste, surface, ground and drinking water samples
| Autor: | Serena Orlandini, Lapo Renai, Daniele Rossini, Claudia Ancillotti, Donatella Fibbi, Lorenzo Ciofi, Maria Concetta Bruzzoniti, Alida Falai, Massimo Del Bubba, José Juan Santana-Rodríguez |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
Analytical chemistry
Direct Injection UHPLC-MS/MS Perfluoroalkyl Acids Drinking Water Environmental Water Wastewater Matrix Effect Chemometrics 010501 environmental sciences Wastewater 01 natural sciences Perfluoroalkyl acids Analytical Chemistry Environmental water Partial least squares regression Drinking water Matrix effect chemometrics Effluent 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Detection limit Chromatography Chemistry 010401 analytical chemistry Chemical oxygen demand Chemistry (all) 0104 chemical sciences Direct injection UHPLC-MS/MS Standard addition Gas chromatography Surface water |
| Popis: | The applicability of a direct injection UHPLC-MS/MS method for the analysis of several perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in a wide range of water matrices was investigated. The method is based on the direct injection of 100 µL of centrifuged water sample, without any other sample treatment. Very good method detection limits (0.014–0.44 ng L−1) and excellent intra and inter-day precision (RSD% values in the range 1.8–4.4% and 2.7–5.7%, respectively) were achieved, with a total analysis time of 20 min per sample. A high number of samples – i.e. 8 drinking waters (DW), 12 ground waters (GW), 13 surface waters (SW), 8 influents and 11 effluents of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPIN and WWTPOUT) were processed and the extent of matrix effect (ME) was calculated, highlighting the strong prevalence of |ME| 50% was occasionally observed only for perfluorooctanesulphonic and perfluorodecanoic acids. Linear discriminant analysis highlighted the great contribution of the sample origin (i.e. DW, GW, SW, WWTPIN and WWTPOUT) to the ME. Partial least square regression (PLS) and leave-one-out cross-validation were performed in order to interpret and predict the signal suppression or enhancement phenomena as a function of physicochemical parameters of water samples (i.e. conductivity, hardness and chemical oxygen demand) and background chromatographic area. The PLS approach resulted only in an approximate screening, due to the low prediction power of the PLS models. However, for most analytes in most samples, the fitted and cross-validated values were such as to correctly distinguish between | ME | higher than 20% or below this limit. PFAAs in the aforementioned water samples were quantified by means of the standard addition method, highlighting their occurrence mainly in WWTP influents and effluents, at concentrations as high as one hundred of µg L−1. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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